Running involvement, loyalty to running, and subjective well-being: A cluster analysis
Supporting Agencies
- Funding information: Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., Grant/Award Number UIDP/04748/2020
Abstract
One of the main policy objectives of many government Sports and Health Departments is to increase sports participation to promote citizens’ health and well-being. Running is, after football, perhaps the most popular physical activity. In recent years, studies analysing the effects of physical activity on an individual’s subjective well-being have been rare (Wiese et al. 2017), nor have been well established (Panza et al., 2019), and several gaps seem to exist in the literature (Dolan et al. 2008). The present study uses cluster analysis with the aim of identifying segments of runners based upon running involvement, loyalty to running and subjective well-being. A sample of 736 runners from one of Portugal's most popular athletics races completed a questionnaire, to assess, running involvement (centrality and attraction), loyalty to running, subjective well-being and socio-demographic variables. 52.9% of the respondents were men, and 47.1% were women. The number of clusters was determined using the Bayesian Information Criterion (Schwarz, 1978). Four significant clusters were identified, consisting of one (cluster 4) with relevant levels and another (cluster 2) with lower levels of subjective well-being. The main result showed that the cluster with the highest level of subjective well-being was not the group of runners with the highest level of loyalty to the race. Some clusters reflect relevant age and gender differences. The results allow us to draw an important conclusion: The need to design strategies based on the clusters identified to promote sports participation through running, with the aim of increasing running involvement and subjective well-being.
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