LA SALIVA COMO UNA FUENTE DE BIOMARCADORES EN EL GANADO PORCINO: CONCEPTOS GENERALES Y AVANCES RECIENTES
Resumen
El uso de la saliva en el cerdo ha ganado importancia en los últimos años debido a su facilidad de obtención, sin provocar estrés ni dolor en el animal. La saliva, además de permitir la identificación de agentes patógenos, es una fuente de biomarcadores que son utilizados para evaluar la salud y bienestar general porcino. Los distintos biomarcadores que pueden ser detectados se relacionan con el estrés, la inflamación, el sistema inmune, el estado oxidativo o la sepsis. De esta manera, se pueden formar paneles incluyendo varios grupos de biomarcadores dentro del concepto conocido como sialoquímica. Entre los biomarcadores más novedosos se encuentran aquellos específicos de los procesos de sepsis, como la procalcitonina, aldolasa y proteínas del grupo S100, que se consideran de potencial aplicación para el uso racional de antibióticos. Además, recientemente se ha demostrado la utilidad de la saliva para reflejar las emociones positivas en estos animales, mediante la detección de oxitocina. Se espera que en el futuro que se pueda adaptar el uso de estos marcadores a nivel rutinario en sistemas productivos de porcino.
Descargas
Citas
Becker, Kenneth L., Snider, Richard, & Nylen, Eric S. (2010). Procalcitonin in sepsis and systemic inflammation: a harmful biomarker and a therapeutic target. British Journal of Pharmacology, 159(2), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00433.x
Cerón, José J. (2019). Acute phase proteins, saliva and education in laboratory science: an update and some reflections. BMC Veterinary Research, 15(1), 197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1931-8
Cerón, José J, Contreras-Aguilar, M. D., Escribano, D., Martínez-Miró, S., López-Martínez, M. J., Ortín-Bustillo, A., Franco-Martínez, L., Rubio, C. P., Muñoz-Prieto, A., Tvarijonaviciute, A., López-Arjona, M., Martínez-Subiela, S., & Tecles, F. (2022). Basics for the potential use of saliva to evaluate stress, inflammation, immune system, and redox homeostasis in pigs. BMC Veterinary Research, 18(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03176-w
Cerón, José Joaquín, Ortín-Bustillo, Alba, José López-Martínez, María, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, David Eckersall, Peter, Tecles, Fernando, Tvarijonaviciute, Asta, & Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto. (2023). S-100 Proteins: Basics and Applications as Biomarkers in Animals with Special Focus on Calgranulins (S100A8, A9, and A12). Biology, 12(881). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12060881
Contreras-Aguilar, M D, López-Arjona, M., Martínez-Miró, S., Escribano, D., Hernández-Ruipérez, F., Cerón, J. J., & Tecles, F. (2021). Changes in saliva analytes during pregnancy, farrowing and lactation in sows: A sialochemistry approach. Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997), 273, 105679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105679
Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores, Escribano, Damián, Martínez-Miró, Silvia, López-Arjona, Marina, Rubio, Camila P., Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Cerón, José J., & Tecles, Fernando. (2019). Application of a score for evaluation of pain, distress and discomfort in pigs with lameness and prolapses: correlation with saliva biomarkers and severity of the disease. Research in Veterinary Science, 126, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.004
Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores, Tvarijonaviciute, Asta, Monkeviciene, Ingrida, Martín-Cuervo, María, González-Arostegui, Luis Guillermo, Franco-Martínez, Lorena, Cerón, José Joaquín, Tecles, Fernando, & Escribano, Damián. (2020). Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions in four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study. BMC Veterinary Research, 16(1), 384. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02574-2
Escribano, D, Soler, L., Gutiérrez, A. M., Martínez-Subiela, S., & Cerón, J. J. (2013). Measurement of chromogranin A in porcine saliva: validation of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay and evaluation of its application as a marker of acute stress. Animal : An International Journal of Animal Bioscience, 7(4), 640–647. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112002005
Escribano, Damián, Campos, Paulo H. R. F., Gutiérrez, Ana M., Le Floc’h, Nathalie, Cerón, José J., & Merlot, Elodie. (2014). Effect of repeated administration of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory and stress markers in saliva of growing pigs. Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997), 200(3), 393–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.007
Escribano, Damián, Contreras-Aguilar, María D., Tvarijonaviciute, Asta, Martínez-Miró, Silvia, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Cerón, José J., Lamy, Elsa, & Tecles, Fernando. (2018). Stability of selected enzymes in saliva of pigs under different storage conditions: a pilot study. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 80(11), 1657–1661. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.18-0346
Escribano, Damián, Gutiérrez, Ana M., Fuentes-Rubio, María, & Cerón, José J. (2014). Saliva chromogranin A in growing pigs: a study of circadian patterns during daytime and stability under different storage conditions. Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997), 199(3), 355–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.005
Escribano, Damián, Horvatić, Anita, Contreras-Aguilar, Maria Dolores, Guillemin, Nicolas, Cerón, Jose Joaquín, Tecles, Fernando, Martinez-Miró, Silvia, Eckersall, Peter David, Manteca, Xavier, & Mrljak, Vladimir. (2019). Changes in saliva proteins in two conditions of compromised welfare in pigs: An experimental induced stress by nose snaring and lameness. Research in Veterinary Science, 125, 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.008
Franco-Martínez, Lorena, Ortín-Bustillo, Alba, Rubio, Camila P., Escribano, Damián, López-Arjona, Marina, García-Manzanilla, Edgar, Cerón, José J., Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Tvarijonaviciute, Asta, & Tecles, Fernando. (2022). Effects of pen faeces and feed contamination in biomarkers determination in oral fluid of pigs. Research in Veterinary Science, 152, 403–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.003
Fuentes, María, Tecles, Fernando, Gutiérrez, Ana, Otal, Julio, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, & Cerón, José J. (2011). Validation of an automated method for salivary alpha-amylase measurements in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) and its application as a stress biomarker. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 23(2), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063871102300213
Giri, Umamaheswari, Nagaraj, Vezhavendhan, Sankaran, Avudaiappan, R, Ramesh, Rajaram, Suganya, Muthanandam, Sivaramakrishnan, Arumugam, Santhadevy, & Santhanam, Vidyalakshmi. (2018). Sialochemical Profile in Depressive Individuals under Antidepressant Therapy: An Observational Study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 12(5), VC06–VC09. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2018/28999.11456
Greabu, Maria, Battino, Maurizio, Mohora, Maria, Totan, Alexandra, Didilescu, Andreea, Spinu, Tudor, Totan, Cosmin, Miricescu, Daniela, & Radulescu, Radu. (2009). Saliva--a diagnostic window to the body, both in health and in disease. Journal of Medicine and Life, 2(2), 124–132.
Gutiérrez, A. M., Escribano, D., Fuentes, M., & Cerón, J. J. (2013). Circadian pattern of acute phase proteins in the saliva of growing pigs. Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997), 196(2), 167–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.10.003
Henao-Diaz, Alexandra, Giménez-Lirola, Luis, Baum, David H., & Zimmerman, Jeffrey. (2020). Guidelines for oral fluid-based surveillance of viral pathogens in swine. Porcine Health Management, 6, 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-020-00168-w
Jones, Candace, Barrera, Ingrid, Brothers, Shaun, Ring, Robert, & Wahlestedt, Claes. (2017). Oxytocin and social functioning. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 19(2), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/cjones
López-Arjona, M, Mateo, S. V, Escribano, D., Tecles, F., Cerón, J. J., & Martínez-Subiela, S. (2021). Effect of reduction and alkylation treatment in three different assays used for the measurement of oxytocin in saliva of pigs. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 74, 106498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106498
López-Arjona, Marina, Escribano, Damián, Mateo, Sandra V, Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores, Rubio, Camila Peres, Tecles, Fernando, Cerón, José Joaquín, & Martínez-Subiela, Silvia. (2020). Changes in oxytocin concentrations in saliva of pigs after a transport and during lairage at slaughterhouse. Research in Veterinary Science, 133, 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.015
López-Arjona, Marina, Padilla, Lorena, Roca, Jordi, Cerón, José Joaquín, & Martínez-Subiela, Silvia. (2020). Ejaculate Collection Influences the Salivary Oxytocin Concentrations in Breeding Male Pigs. Animals, 10(8), 1268. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10081268
López-Martínez, M. J., Franco-Martínez, L., Martínez-Subiela, S., & Cerón, J. J. (2022). Biomarkers of sepsis in pigs, horses and cattle: from acute phase proteins to procalcitonin. Animal Health Research Reviews, 23(1), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252322000019
López-Martínez, María José, Beletić, Anđelo, Kuleš, Josipa, Rešetar-Maslov, Dina, Rubić, Ivana, Mrljak, Vladimir, Manzanilla, Edgar Garcia, Goyena, Elena, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Cerón, José Joaquín, & Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto. (2022). Revealing the Changes in Saliva and Serum Proteins of Pigs with Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus Suis: A Proteomic Approach. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213700
López-Martínez, María José, Cerón, José Joaquín, Ortín-Bustillo, Alba, Escribano, Damián, Kuleš, Josipa, Beletić, Anđelo, Rubić, Ivana, González-Sánchez, Juan Carlos, Mrljak, Vladimir, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, & Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto. (2022). A Proteomic Approach to Elucidate the Changes in Saliva and Serum Proteins of Pigs with Septic and Non-Septic Inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126738
López-Martínez, María José, Escribano, Damián, Martínez-Miró, Silvia, Ramis, Guillermo, Manzanilla, Edgar G., Tecles, Fernando, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, & Cerón, José J. (2022). Measurement of procalcitonin in saliva of pigs: a pilot study. BMC Veterinary Research, 18(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03240-5
López-Martínez, María José, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Cerón, José Joaquín, Ortín-Bustillo, Alba, Ramis, Guillermo, López-Arjona, Marina, Martínez-Miró, Silvia, Manzanilla, Edgar García, Eckersall, Peter David, Tecles, Fernando, Escribano, Damián, & Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto. (2023). Measurement of Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in the Saliva of Pigs: Validation Data of A Commercially Available Automated Assay and Changes in Sepsis, Inflammation, and Stress. Animals, 13(7), 1190. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071190
López-Martínez, María José, Ornelas, Mario Andre S., Amarie, Roxana Elena, Manzanilla, Edgar Garcia, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Tecles, Fernando, Tvarijonaviciute, Asta, Escribano, Damián, González-Bulnes, Antonio, Cerón, José Joaquín, López-Arjona, Marina, & Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto. (2023). Changes in salivary biomarkers of stress, inflammation, redox status, and muscle damage due to Streptococcus suis infection in pigs. BMC Veterinary Research, 19(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03650-z
Martínez-Miró, Silvia, Tecles, Fernando, Ramón, Marina, Escribano, Damián, Hernández, Fuensanta, Madrid, Josefa, Orengo, Juan, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Manteca, Xavier, & Cerón, José Joaquín. (2016). Causes, consequences and biomarkers of stress in swine: an update. BMC Veterinary Research, 12(1), 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0791-8
Mateo, Sandra V., Contreras-Aguilar, Maria D., López-Jornet, Pia, Jimenez-Reyes, P., Ceron, Jose J., Tvarijonaviciute, Asta, & Martinez-Subiela, Silvia. (2019). Development and evaluation of a rapid and sensitive homogeneous assay for haptoglobin measurements in saliva. Microchemical Journal, 150(April), 104159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.104159
Merlot, E., Mounier, A. M., & Prunier, A. (2011). Endocrine response of gilts to various common stressors: a comparison of indicators and methods of analysis. Physiology & Behavior, 102(3–4), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.11.009
Miller, B. E., Deutsch, O., Redlich, M., Konttinen, Y. T., Benoliel, R., Zaks, B., Davidovich, E., Palmon, A., & Aframian, D. J. (2012). Sialochemistry and cortisol levels in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Oral Diseases, 18(3), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01866.x
Motzkus, Christine A., & Luckmann, Roger. (2017). Does Infection Site Matter? A Systematic Review of Infection Site Mortality in Sepsis. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, 32(8), 473–479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066615627778
Ortín-Bustillo, A, Vidal, G. Ramis, Tortosa, D. Escribano, López-Arjona, M., Rubio, C. Peres, Cerón, J. J., Muñoz-Prieto, A., Pardo-Marín, L., López-Martínez, M. J., Botia, M., Martínez-Subiela, S., Tvarijonaviciute, A., & Tecles, F. (2022). Automated assays for trace elements and ferritin measurement in saliva of pigs: Analytical validation and a pilot application to evaluate different iron status. Research in Veterinary Science, 152, 410–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.007
Ortín-Bustillo, Alba, Botía, María, José López-Martínez, María, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Cerón, José Joaquín, González-Bulnes, Antonio, García Manzanilla, Edgar, Goyena, Elena, Tecles, Fernando, & Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto. (2023). Changes in S100A8/A9 and S100A12 and Their Comparison with Other Analytes in the Saliva of Pigs with Diarrhea Due to E. coli. Animals, 13, 2556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162556
Ortín-Bustillo, Alba, Contreras-Aguilar, María D., Rubio, Camila P., Botia, María, Cerón, José J., López-Arjona, Marina, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Escribano, Damián, & Tecles, Fernando. (2022). Evaluation of the Effect of Sampling Time on Biomarkers of Stress, Immune System, Redox Status and Other Biochemistry Analytes in Saliva of Finishing Pigs. Animals, 12(16), 2127. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12162127
Ortín-Bustillo, Alba, Escribano, Damián, López-Arjona, Marina, Botia, María, Fuentes, Pablo, Martínez-Miró, Silvia, Rubio, Camila P., García-Manzanilla, Edgar, Franco-Martínez, Lorena, Pardo-Marín, Luis, Cerón, José J., Llonch, Pol, & Tecles, Fernando. (2022). Changes in a Comprehensive Profile of Saliva Analytes in Fattening Pigs during a Complete Productive Cycle: A Longitudinal Study. Animals : An Open Access Journal from MDPI, 12(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12141865
Ortín-Bustillo, Alba, Escribano, Damián, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Tvarijonaviciute, Asta, Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto, López-Arjona, Marina, Cerón, José J., & Tecles, Fernando. (2023). Trace Elements and Ferritin in Pig Saliva: Variations during Fattening, Time of Sampling, Effect of Dirtiness and Stability under Different Storage Conditions. Antioxidants, 12(3), 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030649
Rault, Jean-Loup, van den Munkhof, Marleen, & Buisman-Pijlman, Femke T. A. (2017). Oxytocin as an Indicator of Psychological and Social Well-Being in Domesticated Animals: A Critical Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01521
Robinson, T. P., Bu, D. P., Carrique-Mas, J., Fèvre, E. M., Gilbert, M., Grace, D., Hay, S. I., Jiwakanon, J., Kakkar, M., Kariuki, S., Laxminarayan, R., Lubroth, J., Magnusson, U., Thi Ngoc, P., Van Boeckel, T. P., & Woolhouse, M. E. J. (2016). Antibiotic resistance is the quintessential One Health issue. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 110(7), 377–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trw048
Rubio, Camila Peres, Mainau, Eva, Cerón, José Joaquín, Contreras-Aguilar, Maria Dolores, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, Navarro, Elena, Tecles, Fernando, Manteca, Xavier, & Escribano, Damian. (2019). Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva in pigs: analytical validation and changes in lactation. BMC Veterinary Research, 15(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1875-z
Shams, Fariza, Oldfield, Neil J., Wooldridge, Karl G., & Turner, David P. J. (2014). Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA)-a conserved glycolytic enzyme with virulence functions in bacteria: “ill met by moonlight”. Biochemical Society Transactions, 42(6), 1792–1795. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20140203
Smyth, Michael A., Brace-McDonnell, Samantha J., & Perkins, Gavin D. (2016). Identification of adults with sepsis in the prehospital environment: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 6(8), e011218. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011218
Tabak, L. A. (1995). In Defense of the Oral Cavity: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function of Salivary Mucins. Annual Review of Physiology, 57(1), 547–564. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.002555
Tecles, Fernando, Rubio, Camila P., Contreras-Aguilar, Maria D., Lopez-Arjona, Marina, Martinez-Miro, Silvia, Martinez-Subiela, Silvia, & Ceron, Jose J. (2018). Adenosine deaminase activity in pig saliva: analytical validation of two spectrophotometric assays. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 30(1), 175–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638717742947
Turner, A. I., & Tilbrook, A. J. (2006). Stress, cortisol and reproduction in female pigs. Society of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement, 62, 191–203.
Tvarijonaviciute, Asta, Martínez-Subiela, Silvia, López-Jornet, Pia, & Lamy, Elsa. (2020). Saliva in Health and Disease: The Present and Future of a Unique Sample for Diagnosis (Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, Pia López-Jornet, & Elsa Lamy, Eds.). Springer International Publishing.
Wu, Zongfu, Zhang, Wei, & Lu, Chengping. (2008). Immunoproteomic assay of surface proteins of Streptococcus suis serotype 9. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, 53(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00401.x
Yoshizawa, Janice M., Schafer, Christopher A., Schafer, Jason J., Farrell, James J., Paster, Bruce J., & Wong, David T. W. (2013). Salivary biomarkers: toward future clinical and diagnostic utilities. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 26(4), 781–791. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00021-13
Derechos de autor 2023 Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia (España)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 ES). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.
