LA SALIVA COMO UNA FUENTE DE BIOMARCADORES EN EL GANADO PORCINO: CONCEPTOS GENERALES Y AVANCES RECIENTES
Resumen
El uso de la saliva en el cerdo ha ganado importancia en los últimos años debido a su facilidad de obtención, sin provocar estrés ni dolor en el animal. La saliva, además de permitir la identificación de agentes patógenos, es una fuente de biomarcadores que son utilizados para evaluar la salud y bienestar general porcino. Los distintos biomarcadores que pueden ser detectados se relacionan con el estrés, la inflamación, el sistema inmune, el estado oxidativo o la sepsis. De esta manera, se pueden formar paneles incluyendo varios grupos de biomarcadores dentro del concepto conocido como sialoquímica. Entre los biomarcadores más novedosos se encuentran aquellos específicos de los procesos de sepsis, como la procalcitonina, aldolasa y proteínas del grupo S100, que se consideran de potencial aplicación para el uso racional de antibióticos. Además, recientemente se ha demostrado la utilidad de la saliva para reflejar las emociones positivas en estos animales, mediante la detección de oxitocina. Se espera que en el futuro que se pueda adaptar el uso de estos marcadores a nivel rutinario en sistemas productivos de porcino.
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