Adapting the Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children Spanish population.
Abstract
Depression is one of the mental disorders that concern worldwide. One theory that has attracted more researches is the Beck´s cognitive theory of depression. The Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI) has been developed to evaluate the different components of the cognitive triad, although most studies had been developed in adult and adolescent population. The aim of this work is to show evidence of factorial validity of the reduced version of the CTI, and the study of the psychometric properties of the inventory in children. In the sample of 3292 children with age between 8 and 13 (M=9.86; SD =1.24), the results showed a better factorial fit with a bifactorial model (positive triad and negative triad). The reliability of the dimensions is good (α=.88 and .92 respectively) and convergent validity evidence is adequate. The inventory was evaluated from the Item Response Theory framework, showing correct properties. Finally the norms of the questionnaire were made addressing the gender differences that were found previously.Downloads
References
Anderson, K. W. y Skidmore, J. R. (1995). Empirical analyses of factors in depressive cognition: The cognitive triad inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 603-609.
Auerbach, R. P., Eberhart, N.K., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2010). Cognitive vul-nerability to depression in Canadian and Chinese adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 57-68.
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper y Row.
Beck, A. T. (1983). Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives. In P. J. Clayton y J. E. Barrett (Eds.), Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches (pp. 265-290). New York: Raven Press.
Beck, A. T. (1987). Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Pychotherapy, 1, 5-37.
Beck, A. T. (1991). Cognitive Therapy. A 30-Years Retrospective. Ameri-can Psychologist, 46(4), 368-375.
Beck, A. T., Rush, A., Shaw, B. y Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. John Wiley y Sons: Chichester. 1979.
Beckham, E. E., Leber, W. R., Watkins, J. T., Boyer, J. L. y Cook, J. B. (1986). Development of an instrument to measure Beck’s cognitive triad: The Cognitive Triad Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 566-567.
Bernaras, E., Jaureguizar, J., Soroa, M., Ibabe, I. y De las Cuevas, C. (2013). Evaluación de la sintomatología depresiva en el contexto escolar y variables asociadas. Anales de Psicología, 29(1), 131-140.
Beshai, S. (2010). Cognition and depression in egypt and canada: An examina-tion of the cognitive triad. (Order No. MR69393, University of Calgary (Canada)). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 65. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/847250047?accountid=14542. (847250047).
Chang, H-J., Lin, M-F. y Lin, K-H. (2007). The mediating and moderat-ing roles of the cognitive triad on adolescent suicidal ideation. Nursing Research, 56(4), 252-259.
Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T., y Alford, B. A. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy of depression. New York: Wile.
Cliff, N. (1993). Dominance statistics: Ordinal Analyses to Answer Or-dinal Questions. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 494-509.doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.494.
Dobson, K. S. y Dozois, D. J. A. (2008). Introduction: Assessing risk and resilience factors in models of depression. En K. S. Dobson y D. J. A. Dozois (Eds.), Risk factors in depression (pp. 1-16) San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi 10.1016/ B978-0-08-045078-0.00001-0.
Elosua, O. y Zumbo, B. O. (2008). Coeficientes de fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada. Psicothema, 20(4), 896-901.
Estévez, A. y Calvete, E. (2009). Mediación a través de pensamientos automáticos de la relación entre esquema y síntomas de depresión. Anales de Psicología, 25(1), 27-35.
Gamble, S. y Roberts, J. (2005). Adolescents’ perceptions of primary caregivers cognitive style: The roles of attachment security and gender. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 123-141.
Greening, L., Stoppelbein, L., Dhossche, D. y Martin, W. (2005). Psychometric evaluation of a measure of Beck’s negative cognitive triad for youth: Applications for African-American and Caucasian youth. Depression and Anxiety, 21, 161-169.
Gomez-Benito, J., Hidalgo, M.D., & Zumbo, B.D. (2013). Effectiveness of Combining Statistical Tests and Effect Sizes When Using Logistic Discriminant Function Regression to Detect Differential Item Functioning for Polytomous Items. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(5), 875-897. doi:10.1177/0013164413492419.
Haaga, D. A. F., Dyck, M.J. y Ernst, D. (1991). Empirical status of cognitive teory of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 215-236.
Kaslow, N. J., Stark, K.D., Printz, B., Livingston, R. y Tsai, S.L. (1992). Cognitive triad inventory for children: Development and relation to depression and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21, 339-347.
Kovacs, M. (1992). Children’s Depression Inventory. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
LaGrange, B., Cole, D. A., Dallaire, D. H., Ciesla, J. A., Pineda, A. Q., Truss, A. E. y Folmer, A. (2008). Developmental changes in depressive cognitions: A longitudinal evaluation of the Cognitive Triad Inventory for children. Psychological Assessment, 20(3), 217-226.
Lozano, L.M., García-Cueto E. y Muñiz, J. (2008). Effect of the number of response categories on the reliability and validity of rating scales. Methodology, 4, 73-79.
Lozano, L., García-Cueto, E. y Lozano, L. M. (2010). Cuestionario Educativo-Clínico: Ansiedad y Depresión (CECAD). TEA Ediciones: Madrid.
Lozano, L., García-Cueto, E., Martín, M. y Lozano, L. M. (2012). Desarrollo y validación del Inventario de Perfeccionismo Infantil (I.P.I.). Psicothema, 24(1), 149-155.
Lozano, L.M., García-Cueto E. y Muñiz, J. (2008). Effect of the number of response categories on the reliability and validity of rating scales. Methodology, 4, 73-79.
McIntosh, C. N. y Fisher, D. G. (2000). Beck’s cognitive triad: One ver-sus three factors. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 32, 153-157.
Morse, D.T. (1999). Minsize2: a Computer Program for Determining Effect Size and Minimum Sample Size for Statistical Significance for Univariate, Multivariate, and Nonparametric Tests. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59, 518-531.doi:10.1177/00131649921969901.
Muñiz, J., Elosua, P. y Hambleton, R. K. (2013). International Test Commission Guidelines for test translation and adaptation: Se-cond edition. Psicothema, 25(2), 151-157.
Muñiz, J., Fidalgo, A.M., García-Cueto, E. Martínez, R. y Moreno, R. (2005). Análisis de ítems. Madrid: La Muralla.
Muñiz, J., García-Cueto, E. y Lozano, L.M. (2005). Item format and the psychometric properties of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(1), 61-69.
Morris, M. C., Ciesla, J. A. y Garber, J. (2008). A prospective study of the cognitive-stress model of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(4), 719-734.
Reinherz, H. Z., Tanner, J. L., Berger, S. R., Beardslee, W. R. y Fitzmau-rice, G. M. (2006). Adolescent suicidal ideation as predictive of psychopathology, suicidal behavior, and compromised functioning at age 30. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1226-1232.
Samejima, F. (2004). Graded response model. En K. Kempf-Leonard (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Social Measurement. New York: Academic Press.
Sanchez, A. y Vázquez, C. (2012). Sesgos de Atención Selectiva como Factor de Mantenimiento y Vulnerabilidad a la Depresión: Una Revisión Crítica. Terapia Psicológica, 30(3), 103-117.
Shin, W. S. (2008). The Relations of Cognitive Triad, Dysfunctional Attitudes, Automatic Thoughts, and Irrational Beliefs with Test Anxiety. Current Psychology, 27, 177–191.
Zauszniewski, J. A., Panitrat, R. y Youngblut, J. M. (1999). The Children’s Cognitive Triad Inventory: Reliability, validity, and congruence with Beck’s cognitive theory of depression. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 7(2), 101-115.
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) retains the property rights (copyright) of published works, and encourages and enables the reuse of the same under the license specified in paragraph 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2022
2. The works are published in the online edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 (legal text). You can copy, use, distribute, transmit and publicly display, provided that: i) you cite the author and the original source of publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work), ii) are not used for commercial purposes, iii ) mentions the existence and specifications of this license.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Is allowed and encouraged the authors to disseminate electronically pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version reviewed and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, as it encourages its earliest circulation and diffusion and thus a possible increase in its citation and scope between the academic community. RoMEO Color: Green.