El cliente en psicoterapia: contribución al resultado terapéutico
Resumen
Para explicar los resultados de la psicoterapia hay que tener en cuenta cuatro variables: terapeutas, usuarios, interacciones entre ambos y modelos de tratamiento. En este trabajo se revisan las evidencias empíricas que apuntan a que los clientes son los principales responsables de los resultados de los tratamientos. Para ello se presentan dos tipos de datos: a) los que demuestran que las personas se enfrentan exitosamente a los problemas sin ayuda: estudios sobre la resiliencia, la recuperación espontánea, la auto-ayuda o el efecto placebo; y b) los que avalan que los usuarios de una psicoterapia son agentes activos durante todo el proceso terapéutico. Finalmente se hacen sugerencias sobre como adaptar las prácticas terapéuticas a esta nueva visión sobre los usuarios.
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