La eficacia de la visualización en la carga cognitiva y la resolución de problemas en estudiantes superdotados y no superdotados
Agencias de apoyo
- King Faisal University
Resumen
Este estudio examinó el impacto de las técnicas de visualización en el rendimiento en la resolución de problemas matemáticos y la carga cognitiva entre 80 estudiantes varones de secundaria (40 superdotados y 40 no superdotados) en Arabia Saudita. Utilizando un diseño experimental de pretest-postest, los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo experimental (n = 40), que recibió instrucción basada en visualización (por ejemplo, diagramas, herramientas interactivas), o a un grupo de control (n = 40), que utilizó métodos tradicionales. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA mixto de dos vías y MANOVA. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo experimental superó significativamente al grupo de control en la resolución de problemas con el tiempo (F(1, 76) = 99.45, p < .001, η²ₚ = .57) y experimentó una reducción en la carga cognitiva (F(1, 76) = 47.40, p < .001, η²ₚ = .37). Además, se identificó un efecto de interacción significativo (Wilks’ Λ = .88, F(2, 75) = 5.12, p = .008, η² = .12), donde los estudiantes superdotados del grupo experimental obtuvieron las puntuaciones más altas (M = 88.45, SD = 4.29) y la menor carga cognitiva (M = 3.05, SD = 0.61). Estos hallazgos resaltan la eficacia de las técnicas de visualización para mejorar la enseñanza de las matemáticas, especialmente para estudiantes superdotados, respaldando estrategias de instrucción inclusivas.
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