¿El Retén Episódico de Baddeley es independiente del Ejecutivo Central? Una nueva medida del Retén Episódico

Autores/as

  • José Óscar Vila Chaves Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la EducaciónUNED
  • Francisco Gutiérrez Martínez DEPARTAMENTO PSICOLOGÍA EVOLUTIVA Y DE LA EDUCACIÓN (UNED)
  • Juan Antonio García Madruga DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOLOGÍA EVOLUTIVA Y DE LA EDUCACIÓN (UNED)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.344391
Palabras clave: Memoria Operativa, Retén Episódico, Ejecutivo Central, Lectura, Memoria a Largo Plazo, Baddeley

Resumen

El Retén Episódico (RE) está tomando un creciente papel central en las explicaciones sobre el funcionamiento de la memoria operativa. De hecho, los últimos estudios de Baddeley y sus colaboradores sitúan al RE en el corazón del sistema de memoria. Recientemente la discusión también atañe a si este componente de la memoria operativa presenta una naturaleza independiente respecto a los recursos del ejecutivo central. Algunos estudios muestran como en tareas automatizadas, la construcción y mantenimiento de elementos almacenados en el RE no requieren de recursos desde el ejecutivo central.

El presente trabajo pretende analizar esta cuestión para lo que se toman diferentes variables y se ha diseñado un nuevo test para medir el EB. En este test de doble tarea, la tarea secundaria consiste en la lectura de textos sencillos que contienen palabras ocultas. Los resultados muestran como a pesar del aumento del procesamiento debido al incremento de la longitud de los textos, no se produce un aumento en la carga demandada por el ejecutivo central, ni en la creación de los agrupamientos de información ni en su mantenimiento. Es por ello, que pensamos que el RE bajo ciertas circunstancias es independiente del ejecutivo central.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Allen, R. J., Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. J. (2006). Is the binding of visual features in working memory resource-demanding? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 298–313.

Allen, R. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2009). Working memory and sentence recall. In A. Thorn, & M. Page (Eds.), Interactions between short-term and long-term memory in the verbal domain (pp. 63-85). Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.

Alloway, T. P., & Ledwon, F. (2014). Working memory and sentence recall in children. International Journal of Educational Research, 65, 1-8.

Alloway, T. P., Gathercole, S. E., Willis, C., & Adams, A. M. (2004). A structural analysis of working memory and related cognitive skills in young children. Journal Experimental Child Psychology, 87(2), 85-106.

Anderson, J. R., Reder, L. M., & Lebière, C. (1996). Working memory: activation limitations on retrieval. Cognitive Psychology, 30, 221-256.

Baddeley, A. D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Baddeley, A. D (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), 417–423.

Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working memory, thought, and action. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Baddeley, A. D. (2010). Working memory. Current Biology, 20, 136-140.

Baddeley, A. D. (2012). Working memory: Theories, models, and controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 1–29.

Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G.A. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47–89). New York: Academic.

Baddeley, A. D., & Logie, R. H. (1999). Working memory: The multi-component model. In A. Miyake y P. Shan (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Baddeley, A. D., Hitch, G. J., & Allen, R. J. (2009). Working memory and binding in sentence recall. Journal of Memory and Language, 61, 438–456.

Baddeley, A. D., Allen, R. J., & Hitch, G. J. (2011). Binding in visual working memory: The role of the episodic buffer. Neuropsychologia, 49, 1393–1400.

Barrouillet, P., Bernardin, S., Portrat, S., Vergauwe, E., & Camos, V. (2007). Time and cognitive load in working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33, 570-585.

Brener, R. (1940). An experimental investigation of memory span. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 26, 467-482.

Cain, K., Oakhill, J., & Bryant, P. (2004). Children’s reading comprehension ability: Concurrent prediction by working memory, verbal ability, and component skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(1), 31–42.

Carretti, B., Borella, E., Cornoldi, C., & De Beni, R. (2009). Role of working memory in explaining the performance of individuals with specific reading comprehension difficulties: A meta-analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(2), 246–251.

Case, R. (1985). Intellectual development: Birth to adulthood. New York: Academic Press.

Conway, A. R. A., & Engle, R. W. (1994). Working memory and retrieval: A resource dependent inhibition model. Journal of Experimental psychology: General, 123, 354-373.

Cornoldi, C. (2006). The contribution of cognitive psychology to the study of human intelligence. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 1–17.

Cowan, N. (1999). An embedded-processes model of working memory. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (pp. 62–101). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87-185.

Cowan, N. (2005). Working memory capacity. New York: Psychology.

Cowan, N., Wood, N.L., Nugent, L. D., & Treisman, M. (1997). There are two word length effects in verbal short-term memory: Opposed effects of duration and complexity. Psychological Science, 8, 290-295.

Cuetos, F., Rodríguez, B., & Ruano, E. (2001). PROLEC-SE. Procesos Lectores. Madrid: TEA.

Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P.A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19(4), 450–466.

Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and comprehension: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(4), 422–433.

Delvenne, J. F., Cleeremans, A., & Laloyaux, C. (2010. Feature bindings are maintained in visual short-term memory without sustained focused attention. Experimental Psychology, 57(2), 108-116.

Engle, R. W. (2001). What is working memory capacity? En H.L. Roediger, J.S. Naime, I. Neath, & A.M. Supremant (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowde (pp. 297–314). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Engle, R. W. (2002). Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(1), 19–23.

Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995). Long-term working memory. Psychological review, 102(2), 211.

Fougnie, D., & Marois, R. (2009). Attentive tracking disrupts feature binding in visual working memory. Visual Cognition, 17, 48-66.

Gajewski, D. A., & Brockmole, J. R. (2006). Feature bindings endure without attention: Evidence from an explicit recall task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 581–587.

García-Madruga, J. A., Elosúa, M.R., Gil, L., Gómez-Veiga, I., Vila, J. O., Or-jales, I., Contreras, A., Rodríguez, R., Melero, M. A., & Duque, G. (2013). Reading Comprehension and Working Memory's Executive Processes: An Intervention Study in Primary School Children. Reading Research Quar-terly, 48(2), 155-174.

García-Madruga, J. A, Gómez-Veiga, I. & Vila-Chaves, J. O. (2016). Executive functions and the improvement of thinking abilities: The intervention in reading comprehension. Frontiers in Psychology. 7, pp. 58 – 73.

García-Madruga, J. A., Gutiérrez, F., Carriedo, N., Luzón, J. M., & Vila, J. O. (2007). Mental models in propositional reasoning and working memory´s central executive. Thinking and Reasoning, 13 (4), 370-393.

Hannon, B., & Daneman, M. (2001). A new tool for measuring and understanding individual differences in the component process of reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 103–128.

Hannon, B., & Daneman, M. (2004). Shallow semantic processing of text: An individual-differences account. Discourse Processes, 37(3), 187–204.

Johnson, J. S., Hollingworth, A., & Luck, S.J. (2008). The role of attention in the maintenance of feature bindings in visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 41–55.

Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1992). A capacity theory of comprehension. Psychological Review, 99(1), 122-149.

Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2002). The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9(4), 637–671.

Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., Tuholski, S. W., Wilhelm, O., Payne, T. W., & Engle, R. W. (2004). The generality of working-memory capacity: A latent-variable approach to verbal and visuospatial memory span and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(2), 189–217.

Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., & Howerter, A. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100.

Miyake, A., & Shah, P. (1999). Toward unified theories of working memory: Emerging general consensus, unresolved theoretical issues, and future research directions. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory (pp. 442–481). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Oberauer, K., Schulze, R., Wilhelm, O., & Süß, H.-M. (2005). Working memory and intelligence—their correlation and their relation: Comment on Ackerman, Beier, and Boyle (2005). Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 61–65.

Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1996). Raven matrices progresivas. Escalas: Color (CPM), General (SPM), Superior (APM). Manual. Madrid: TEA Ediciones S.A.

Turner, M. L. y Engle, R. W. (1989). Is working memory capacity task dependent? Journal of Memory and Language, 28,127-154.

Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2007). The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: Active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory. Psychological Review, 114(1), 104–132.

Vukovic, R. K., & Siegel, L. D. (2006). The role of working memory in specific reading comprehension difficulties. In T.P. Alloway & S.E. Gathercole (Eds.), Working memory and neurodevelopmental disorders (pp. 89–112). New York: Psychology.

Publicado
25-04-2021
Cómo citar
Vila Chaves, J. Óscar, Gutiérrez Martínez, F., & García Madruga, J. A. (2021). ¿El Retén Episódico de Baddeley es independiente del Ejecutivo Central? Una nueva medida del Retén Episódico. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 37(2), 378–392. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.344391
Número
Sección
Psicología cognitiva

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
2,4 promedio

Reviewer profiles  N/D

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
N/D
32% con financiadores
Competing interests 
N/D
11%
Metric
Para esta revista
Other journals
Articles accepted 
Artículos aceptados: 52%
33% aceptado
Days to publication 
935
145

Indexado: {$indexList}

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/D
Editora: 
Editum - Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (España)