Intervenciones y contextos formativos para prevenir o reducir el burnout académico en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud: revisión sistemática.

Autores/as

  • Susana Fuentes Parra
  • Juan Reyes Luna Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Chile
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.719431
Palabras clave: Burnout, estudiantes, intervención educativa

Resumen

Introducción: El burnout académico en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud se ha convertido en una preocupación creciente en el ámbito universitario, lo que afecta el bienestar, el rendimiento y la formación profesional. Objetivo: Explorar y sintetizar las intervenciones implementadas para prevenir o reducir el burnout académico en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud, descritas en la literatura internacional. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática, siguiendo las directrices del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), ERIC, PsycINFO y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Se incluyeron estudios de intervención dirigidos al burnout académico como desenlace principal o desenlaces asociados, como estrés percibido, bienestar psicológico, mindfulness, resiliencia, autocompasión, autoeficacia y compromiso académico. Para garantizar la transparencia y trazabilidad del proceso de selección de los estudios, se siguieron las directrices PRISMA, aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente definidos. Resultados: Se identificaron 2.597 registros y se incluyeron 13 estudios para el análisis final. Las intervenciones más frecuentes correspondieron a programas basados en mindfulness o en reducción de estrés (MBSR), regulación emocional, resiliencia, habilidades de estudio, terapia de aceptación y compromiso digital (ACT), apoyo entre pares y estrategias institucionales orientadas a pertenencia y engagement (compromiso académico). Los resultados fueron más consistentes en la reducción de estos desenlaces asociados, tales como estrés percibido y la mejora del bienestar, mindfulness, resiliencia, autocompasión y compromiso académico; sin embargo, el efecto directo sobre el burnout académico fue heterogéneo. Conclusión: Las intervenciones revisadas muestran resultados prometedores para mejorar desenlaces asociados al burnout académico, aunque la evidencia sobre su reducción directa sigue siendo limitada. Se recomienda implementar estrategias multicomponente, sostenibles e integradas al currículo, junto con estudios futuros de mayor rigor metodológico y seguimiento longitudinal.

 

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Publicado
02-07-2026
Cómo citar
Fuentes Parra , S., & Reyes Luna, J. (2026). Intervenciones y contextos formativos para prevenir o reducir el burnout académico en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud: revisión sistemática. Revista Española De Educación Médica, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.719431