Impacto de actividades extracurriculares en la autorrealización de estudiantes de medicina: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.592721
Palabras clave: Actividades extracurriculares, educación superior, estudiantes de medicina, autorrealización, educación médica

Resumen

El mundo necesita profesionales de medicina formados en habilidades complejas. Sin embargo, el currículum de las universidades se enfoca principalmente en la adquisición de conocimientos teóricos. La evidencia muestra que la participación en actividades extracurriculares (AE) permite el desarrollo de numerosas habilidades. Desde la perspectiva de Maslow, involucrarse en AE contribuiría a la autorrealización, escalón más alto en la pirámide de necesidades humanas. Por otro lado, se han documentado impactos negativos de la participación en AE, como la presencia de burnout. Poco se conoce sobre el impacto real que implica llevar una AE durante el pregrado en la carrera de medicina, a pesar de que a nivel mundial son unos de los factores determinantes para optar a alternativas profesionales futuras. El objetivo de esta revisión es determinar a partir de la evidencia actual el impacto de las AE en la autorrealización de estudiantes de medicina. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en cuatro bases de datos: SCOPUS, ERIC, WOS y PubMed, con cuatro conceptos: “Extracurricular activities”, “Higher education”, “Medical Students” y “Self Actualization”, donde se consideraron publicaciones entre los años 2018 a 2023, en español, inglés y alemán; se obtuvieron 5807 resultados (526 duplicados). Mediante el protocolo PRISMA y la plataforma COVIDENCE, tres autoras revisaron los resultados y seleccionaron aquellos alineados con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Aquellos estudios que llevaron a conflicto fueron revisados por un cuarto autor. Finalmente se obtuvieron 26 publicaciones, las cuales fueron revisadas y sintetizadas por las autoras. Dentro de los hallazgos, pocas investigaciones abordaron el tema de búsqueda. Los estudios tienen metodologías que propician la existencia de sesgos favorables hacia las AE, por utilizar muestras pequeñas o poblaciones seleccionadas. En general, las AE evidencian ser un factor relevante para desarrollar y lograr la autorrealización en estudiantes de medicina.

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Publicado
22-01-2024
Cómo citar
Gordillo Espinace, E. L., Dölz-Torres, P., Palma-Bifani, P., & Rojas-Pino, M. (2024). Impacto de actividades extracurriculares en la autorrealización de estudiantes de medicina: una revisión sistemática. Revista Española de Educación Médica, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.6018/edumed.592721