Enactivismo y valoración. Cómo superar la querella entre teorías somáticas y cognitivas de las emociones
Resumen
En este trabajo me propongo mostrar que es posible abordar el fenómeno emocional, atendiendo especialmente a los focos de conflicto entre cognitivistas y no cognitivistas, pero de un modo ligeramente distinto, sin buscar acomodar o subsumir el fenómeno emocional a partir de los estándares existentes, sino poniéndolos en duda. Específicamente, buscaré mostrar cómo ciertos conceptos adquieren nuevo significado en el del marco postcognitivista y permiten dar nuevas (y mejores) respuestas a viejos problemas.
Descargas
Citas
Arnold, M. (1960). Emotion and Personality. New York: Columbia University Press.
Barlassina, L., & Newen, A. (2014). The Role of Bodily Perception in Emotion: In Defense of an Impure Somatic Theory. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 89(3), 637–678.
Barrett, L. F., & Lindquist, K. A. (2008). The Embodiment of Emotion. En Embodied Grounding: Social, Cognitive, Affective, and Neuroscientific Approaches (pp. 237–262).
Bermudez, J. L. (1995). Nonconceptual Content: From Perceptual Experience to Subpersonal Computational States. Mind & Language, 10(4), 333–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0017.1995.tb00019.x
Burdman, F. (2015). El Post-cognitivismo en cuestión: Extensión, corporización y enactivismo. Principia, 19(3), 475–495.
Burdman, F. (2016). El Post-cognitivismo: El giro corporizado en filosofía de la mente y ciencias cognitivas. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Buenos Aires: Inédito.
Calvo, P., & Gomila, T. (2008). Directions for and Embodied Cognitive Science: Toward an Integrated Approach. En P. Calvo & T. Gomila (Eds.), Handbook of Cognitive Science. An Empodied Approach (pp. 1–25). Elsevier.
Cannon, W. B. (1927). The James-Lange Theory of Emotions: A Critical Examination and an Alternative Theory. The American Journal of Psychology, 39(1), 106–124.
Charland, L. C. (1997). Reconciling Cognitive and Perceptual Theories of Emotion: A Representational Proposal. Philosophy of Science, 64(4), 555. https://doi.org/10.1086/392572
Clark, A. (1997). Being There: Putting Brain Body and World Together Again. https://doi.org/10.2307/2998391
Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. J. (1998). The extended mind. Analysis, 58, 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2009.01021.x
Colombetti, G. (2005). Appraising Valence. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 12(8), 103–126.
Colombetti, G. (2007). Enactive appraisal. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 6(4), 527–546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-007-9077-8
Colombetti, G. (2010). Enaction, sense-making and emotion. En J. Stewart, O. Gapenne, & E. A. Di Paolo (Eds.), Enaction: Toward a new paradigm for cognitive science (pp. 145–164). MIT Press.
Colombetti, G. (2014). The Feeling Body: Affective Science Meets the Enactive Mind. The Mit Press.
Colombetti, G., & Thompson, E. (2007). The Feeling Body: Towards an Enactive Approach to Emotion. En W. F. Overton, U. Müller, & J. Newman (Eds.), Developmental perspectives on embodiment and consciousness (pp. 45–68). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.1.1.63.7197
Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain. New York: Grosset/Putnam.
De Jaegher, H., & Di Paolo, E. A. (2007). Participatory sense-making: An enactive approach to social cognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 6(4), 485–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-007-9076-9
Di Paolo, E. A. (2005). Autopoiesis, adaptivity, teleology, agency. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 4(4), 429–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-005-9002-y
Ekman, P. (1977). Biological and Cultural Contributions to Body and Facial Movement. En J. Blacking (Ed.), The Anthropology of the Body (pp. 39–84). London: Academic Press.
Ekman, P. (1984). Expression And The Nature Of Emotion.pdf. En K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 319–343). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Ekman, P. (1994). All Emotions Are Basic. En P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions (pp. 15–19). New York: Oxford University Press.
Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Scherer, K. R. (1983). Autonomic Nervous System Activity Distinguishes Among Emotions. Science, 221(4616), 1208–1210.
Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Frijda, N. H. (1993). The place of appraisal in emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 7(3–4), 357–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939308409193
Frijda, N. H., Manstead, A. S. R., & Bem, S. (2000). The influence of emotions on beliefs. En N. H. Frijda, A. S. R. Manstead, & S. Bem (Eds.), Emotions and Beliefs: How Feelings Influence Thoughts (pp. 1–9). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gallagher, S. (2005). How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gazzaniga, M. S., & LeDoux, J. E. (1978). The Integrated Mind. New York: Plenum Press.
Gibson, J. J. (1986). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. New York/London: Taylon & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.2307/989638
Goldie, P. (2000a). Explaining Expressions of Emotion. Mind, 109(433), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/2659992
Goldie, P. (2000b). The Emotions: A Philosophical Exploration (Vol. 53). Oxford University Press.
Goldie, P. (2002). Emotions, feelings and intentionality. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 1, 235–254. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021306500055
Gordon, R. M. (1987). The Structure of Emotions: Investigations in Cognitive Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Griffiths, P. E. (1997). What emotions really are: The problem of psychological categories. University of Chicago Press Chicago.
Hacker, P. M. S. (2009). The Conceptual Framework for the Investigation of Emotions. En Y. Gustafsson, C. Kronqvist, & M. McEachrane (Eds.), Emotions and Understanding: Wittgensteinian Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hanson, N. R. (1971). Observation and Explanation: A Guide to Philosophy of Science. New York: Harper & Row.
Hurley, S. L. (1998). Consciousness in Action. Harvard University Press.
Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Izard, C. E. (1977). Human emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
Izard, C. E. (1992). Basic emotions, relations among emotions, and emotion-cognition relations. Psychological Review, 99(3), 561–565. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.99.3.561
James, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Mind, 9, 188–205.
James, W. (1890). Principles of Psychology. Chicago: Enciclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
James, W. (1894). The Physical Basis of Emotion. Psychological Review, 1, 516–529.
Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., & Jessell, T. M. (1997). Neurociencia y conducta. Prentice Hall.
Kenny, A. (1963). Action, Emotion, and Will. Wiley-Blackwell.
Kenny, A. (1989). The Metaphysics of Mind. Oxford University Press.
Köhler, W. (1940). Dynamics in Psychology. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation.
Köhler, W. (1947). Gestalt Psychology: An introduction to new concepts in modern psychology. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation.
Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1969660
Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition. American Psychologist, 37(9), 1019–1024. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.9.1019
Lazarus, R. S. (1984). On the primacy of cognition. American Psychologist, 39(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.2.124
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and Adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lazarus, R. S. (2001). Relational Meaning and Discrete Emotions. En K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, Methods, Research. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lazarus, R. S., Averill, J. R., & Opton, E. M. J. (1970). Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotion. En M. Arnold (Ed.), Feelings and Emotions: The Loyola Symposium (pp. 207–232). New York: Academic Press.
Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1990). Voluntary Facial Action Generates Emotion Specific Automic Nervous System Activity. Psychophysiology, 27(4), 363–384.
Lyons, W. (1980). Emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marañon, G. (1924). Contribution à l’étude de l’action émotive de l’adrenaline. Revue Française d’Endocrinologie, 21, 301–325.
Marr, D. (1982). Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information. New York: Freeman.
Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1980). Autopoiesis and Cognition. Boston studies in the philosophy of science, 42.
Moors, A. (2007). Can cognitive methods be used to study the unique aspect of emotion: An appraisal theorist’s answer. Cognition & Emotion, 21(6), 1238–1269. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701438061
Moors, A. (2010). Automatic constructive appraisal as a candidate cause of emotion. Emotion Review, 2(2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073909351755
Moors, A. (2013). On the causal role of appraisal in emotion. Emotion Review, 5(2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912463601
Moors, A., & De Houwer, J. (2006). Automaticity: a theoretical and conceptual analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(2), 297–326. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.297
Moors, A., Ellsworth, P. C., Scherer, K. R., & Frijda, N. H. (2013). Appraisal theories of emotion: State of the art and future development. Emotion Review, 5(2), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912468165
Noë, A. (2004). Action in Perception. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Noë, A., & Thompson, E. (Eds.). (2002). Vision and Mind: Selected Readings in the Philosophy of Perception. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.10185
Nussbaum, M. (2000). Upheavals of Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Öhman, A. (1999). Distinguishing Unconscious from Conscious Emotional Processes: Methodological Considerations and Theorethical Implications. En T. Dalgleish & M. J. Power (Eds.), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion. Chichester: Wiley.
Power, M. J., & Dalgleish, T. (2008). Cognition and Emotion: From Order to Disorder (2nd ed.). Hove, U.K.: Taylor Francis.
Prinz, J. J. (2004). Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of Emotion. New York: Oxford University Press.
Prinz, J. J. (2005). Are Emotions Feelings? Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12(8–10), 9–25.
Reisenzein, R. (2001). Appraisal processes conceptualized from a schema-theoretic perspective: Contributions to a process analysis of emotions. En K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 187–201). New York: Oxford University Press.
Robinson, J. (1995). Startle. Journal of Philosophy, 92(2), 53–74.
Robinson, J. (2005). Deeper than Reason. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199263655.001.0001
Rowlands, M. (2010). The New Science of the Mind: From Extended Mind to Embodied Phenomenology. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, Social, and Physiological Determinants of Emotional State. Psychological review, 69(5). https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021465
Scherer, K. R. (1999). Appraisal theory. En T. Dalgleish & M. J. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 637–663). New York: John Wiley and sons.
Scherer, K. R. (2001). Appraisal Considered as a Process of Multilevel Sequential Checking. En K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, Methods, Research (pp. 92–120). New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Siemer, M., Mauss, I., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Same Situation—Different Emotions: How Appraisals Shape Our Emotions. Emotion, 7(3), 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.592
Solomon, R. C. (1973). Emotions and Choice. Review of Metaphisics, 28(1).
Solomon, R. C. (1976). The Passions: The Myth and Nature of Human Emotion. New York: Anchor Press, Doubleday.
Solomon, R. C. (1980). Emotions and Choice. En A. O. Rorty (Ed.), Explaining Emotions. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Solomon, R. C. (2003). Not Passion’s Slave: Emotions and Choice. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stephan, A., Walter, S., & Wilutzky, W. (2014). Emotions beyond brain and body. Philosophical Psychology. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2013.828376
Stewart, J., Gapenne, O., & Di Paolo, E. A. (Eds.). (2010). Enaction: Toward a New Paradigm for Cognitive Science. Book. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262014601.001.0001
Thompson, E. (2007). Mind in Life. Mind in Life, 3–65. https://doi.org/10.1086/590596
Tomkins, S. S. (1962). Affect, Imagery, Consciousness: Vol. 1. America. New York: Springer.
Varela, F. J., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0149.1965.tb01386.x
von Uexküll, J. (1921). Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere. Berlín: Springer.
Weber, A., & Varela, F. J. (2002). Life after Kant: Natural purposes and the autopoietic foundations of biological individuality. Phenomenology and the cognitive sciences, 1(2), 97–125.
West-Eberhard, M. J. (1992). Adaptation: current usages. En E. Fox-Keller & E. A. Lloyd (Eds.), Keywords in evolutionary biology. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Wittgenstein, L. (1988). Investigaciones Filosóficas. Mexico: UNAM.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35(2), 151–175. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.35.2.151
Zajonc, R. B. (1984). On the Primacy of Affect. American Psychologist, 39, 117–123.
Zajonc, R. B. (2001). Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 224–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00154
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) si remezcla, transforma o crea a partir del material, no podrá distribuir el material modificado.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.