Perfeccionismo e atitudes em relação à dopagem no desporto: uma revisão sistemática
Resumo
Introdução: O desenvolvimento de atitudes favoráveis à dopagem estabeleceu que existem factores pessoais e psicossociais que podem levar um atleta a agir de forma anti-desportiva. Objetivo: Analisar a evidência existente sobre a relação entre o perfeccionismo no desporto e as atitudes face à dopagem em atletas de diferentes níveis de competição. Método: Para o efeito, foi efectuada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, tendo como referência as orientações metodológicas recomendadas na declaração PRISMA. As bases de dados analisadas foram a Scopus, a SPORTDiscus e a PubMed. Resultados: Foi incluído um total de n = 8 artigos para análise qualitativa. Uma vez analisados, n = 3 (37,5% dos estudos) identificaram as Preocupações Perfeccionistas (PP) como a dimensão mais fortemente relacionada com as atitudes face à dopagem. Conclusão: A revisão sistemática evidenciou que o perfeccionismo, particularmente na sua dimensão desadaptativa (PP), está consistentemente associado a atitudes mais favoráveis ao doping em contextos desportivos. Em contrapartida, o perfeccionismo adaptativo mostrou relações menos consistentes e, em alguns casos, um efeito protetor contra atitudes de doping. Essas descobertas, moduladas por fatores como a pressão social e o tipo de disciplina esportiva, fornecem informações relevantes para orientar estratégias preventivas e programas educacionais destinados a reduzir a predisposição.
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