Análise de ligas e equipas de futebol: revisão sistemática e análise bibliométrica das cinco grandes ligas europeias
Resumo
A análise do desempenho no futebol registou um crescimento notável na última década, graças ao acesso a grandes volumes de dados gerados por fornecedores especializados. Esta disponibilidade permitiu estudar o jogo com maior precisão e profundidade. No entanto, a diversidade metodológica e a falta de critérios homogéneos na definição e operacionalização dos indicadores dificultam a comparação entre estudos e limitam a sua transferência para o âmbito profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar as evidências sobre a análise do desempenho de ligas e equipas nas cinco grandes ligas europeias por meio de uma revisão sistemática e uma análise bibliométrica, com especial atenção à modelagem do estilo de jogo específico por equipa. Foram seguidas as diretrizes PRISMA 2020 e foram realizadas pesquisas na Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar até 30 de novembro de 2025. Foram incluídos estudos quantitativos baseados em dados massivos que analisavam variáveis técnico-táticas, físicas, contextuais ou socioeconómicas relacionadas com o desempenho e o resultado competitivo. A transparência do relatório foi avaliada através de critérios derivados do STROBE. A análise bibliométrica, realizada com o VOSviewer, permitiu examinar redes de coautoria e padrões de coocorrência de termos para compreender como o campo está estruturado. Foram incluídos 57 estudos (25 centrados em ligas e 32 em equipas). Predominaram desenhos observacionais com forte presença de modelização estatística. Os clusters identificados concentraram-se em métricas de desempenho e previsão, enquanto a mineração avançada de dados e a inteligência artificial tiveram menor representação. Apesar do crescimento científico, poucos estudos capturam a singularidade tática real das equipas, mantendo-se uma clara lacuna entre a produção académica e a aplicação prática.
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