Análisis de ligas y equipos de fútbol: revisión sistemática y análisis bibliométrico de las cinco grandes ligas europeas
Resumen
El análisis del rendimiento en fútbol ha experimentado un crecimiento notable en la última década gracias al acceso a grandes volúmenes de datos generados por proveedores especializados. Esta disponibilidad ha permitido estudiar el juego con mayor precisión y profundidad. Sin embargo, la diversidad metodológica y la falta de criterios homogéneos en la definición y operacionalización de los indicadores dificultan la comparación entre estudios y limitan su transferencia al ámbito profesional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue sintetizar la evidencia sobre el análisis del rendimiento de ligas y equipos en las cinco grandes ligas europeas mediante una revisión sistemática y un análisis bibliométrico, con especial atención a la modelización del estilo de juego específico por equipo. Se siguieron las directrices PRISMA 2020 y se realizaron búsquedas en Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar hasta el 30 de noviembre de 2025. Se incluyeron estudios cuantitativos basados en datos masivos que analizaran variables técnico-tácticas, físicas, contextuales o socioeconómicas relacionadas con el rendimiento y el resultado competitivo. La transparencia del reporte se evaluó mediante criterios derivados de STROBE. El análisis bibliométrico, realizado con VOSviewer, permitió examinar redes de coautoría y patrones de coocurrencia de términos para comprender cómo se estructura el campo. Se incluyeron 57 estudios (25 centrados en ligas y 32 en equipos). Predominaron diseños observacionales con fuerte presencia de modelización estadística. Los clústeres identificados se concentraron en métricas de rendimiento y predicción, mientras que la minería de datos avanzada y la inteligencia artificial tuvieron menor representación. A pesar del crecimiento científico, pocos estudios capturan la singularidad táctica real de los equipos, manteniéndose una brecha clara entre producción académica y aplicación práctica.
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