Bem-estar psicológico através do modelo PERMA e burnout em atletas de elite: estudo transversal
Psychological well-being in elite athletes
Resumo
Este estudo analisa o bem-estar psicológico com base no modelo PERMA e a sintomatologia de burnout em atletas de elite. Quarenta e seis atletas de elite brasileiros foram avaliados com o PERMA-Profiler e o Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Os resultados mostram um alto nível de bem-estar percebido autorreferido (pontuação média 8,2/10) independentemente do sexo e da idade. A dimensão de bem-estar com pontuação mais baixa foi Realização, enquanto a mais forte foi Significado. Relativamente às dimensões do burnout, a exaustão foi a sintomatologia mais prevalente, seguida da redução do sentimento de realização e da desvalorização da prática desportiva. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação ao sexo ou à idade. Foi encontrada uma correlação negativa (r = -0.21) entre bem-estar e burnout, embora os dados não tenham alcançado significância estatística. A única dimensão do modelo PERMA que explicou significativamente o burnout dos atletas foram as emoções negativas (R2= 0.064). O desempenho (do PERMA) também explicou 22.6% da redução da dimensão de burnout no sentido de realização (R2 = 0.226). Em suma, os nossos atletas de elite reduzem o seu bem-estar quando os sentimentos de realização são reduzidos, e os seus sintomas de esgotamento aumentam à medida que as emoções negativas aumentam.
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