A influência do feedback do treinador sobre o aperfeiçoamento das capacidades motoras em atletas experientes em atletas experientes: uma revisão sistemática.
Resumo
Os treinadores podem usar o feedback para melhorar o desempenho dos atletas. No entanto, tais provas ainda não foram revistas em atletas experientes. Por conseguinte, o objectivo do presente estudo é conduzir uma revisão sistemática para examinar a influência de várias características do feedback fornecido pelos treinadores no aperfeiçoamento das capacidades motoras em atletas experientes, e observar se o nível de experiência e o tipo de capacidades motoras têm influência nesta relação. Seguindo as directrizes do PRISMA, foram pesquisados estudos experimentais e quase experimentais na Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo e Dialnet em espanhol, inglês e português. Foram obtidos dezanove estudos. A maioria deles mostrou uma melhoria no desempenho motor com valores semelhantes em quase todas as características de feedback: após a habilidade motora, valência neutra, frequente, constante, controlada pelo investigador, em comparação com eles próprios, verdadeira, sobre o resultado e/ou desempenho visual e/ou verbalmente. Não havia provas de que os resultados fossem influenciados pelo tipo de habilidade motora ou nível de experiência. Em conclusão, os estudos analisados mostraram como, quando o feedback é fornecido, ele é realizado por algum valor para cada uma das suas características. Além disso, deve ser tido em consideração se o objectivo final de fornecer feedback é refinar uma habilidade motora para melhorar a aptidão física ou promover mudanças no desempenho da habilidade. Em ambos os casos, a utilização da tecnologia poderia ser útil para fornecer o tipo de feedback acima descrito.
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