Influence of coaches' feedback on motor skill refinement in experienced athletes: a systematic review.
Abstract
Coaches can use feedback to improve athletes' performance. However, such evidence has not yet been reviewed in experienced athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review to examine the influence of the feedback characteristics provided by coaches on motor skill refinement in experienced athletes, as well as to observe whether the level of athletes’ experience and the type of motor skill have an influence on this relationship. Following PRISMA guidelines, experimental and quasi-experimental studies were searched in Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo and Dialnet in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The final sample consisted of 19 articles. Most of them give evidence of an improvement in motor performance, though not by a large magnitude. Furthermore, that was obtained with similar values for almost all feedback characteristics: after the motor skill, with neutral valence, frequent, constant, controlled by the researcher, compared with themselves, truthful, about the result and/or performance in a visual and/or verbal. However, these results were not found to be influenced by the type of motor skill nor level of experience. In conclusion, the studies showed how, when feedback is provided, it is done by some value of each of the feedback characteristics. In addition, it should be taken into consideration whether the ultimate goal of providing feedback is to refine a motor skill for improving the physical condition or to promote changes in the skill performance. In both cases, the use of technology could be useful to provide the type of feedback described above.
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