Funcionamento cognitivo e desempenho esportivo em jovens jogadores de futebol: uma revisão sistemática
Resumo
O funcionamento cognitivo está adquirindo especial relevância no estudo dos fatores que influenciam o desempenho no futebol. Embora a relação entre funções cognitivas e desempenho esportivo seja extensa na literatura em jogadores de futebol adulto, o mesmo não ocorre em jogadores de tenra idade, onde essa associação ainda não foi explorada em profundidade. Este trabalho surge com o objetivo de conhecer o estado da questão e aprofundar esta linha de pesquisa nas categorias infanto-juvenil, na faixa etária entre 8 e 19 anos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre as relações entre funcionamento cognitivo e desempenho esportivo em jovens jogadores de futebol. Para a realização desta revisão sistemática, os artigos publicados sobre o assunto nos últimos 10 anos foram analisados segundo o método PRISMA. Para uma busca exaustiva da literatura existente, foram utilizadas as bases de dados Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Dialnet, PubMed e Google Scholar, entre outras, incluindo artigos publicados em espanhol e inglês. Por fim, 12 artigos foram analisados e incluídos na revisão. Os resultados mostraram que existem relações significativas entre funções cognitivas e desempenho em jovens jogadores de futebol, entre as quais se destacam variáveis como atenção, controle inibitório, flexibilidade cognitiva ou tomada de decisão, encontrando diferenças entre os escores obtidos por jogadores de futebol de elite e aqueles. obtidos por atletas amadores ou pela população em geral, sendo significativamente maior no primeiro grupo.
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