Análise do Comportamento Motor baseado na Análise da Recorrência em Adultos com Espectro de Autismo e Neurotípicos numa Tarefa de Equilíbrio Dinâmico: um estudo piloto
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Resumo
Introdução: Os transtornos do espectro do autismo (TEA) referem-se a uma gama de transtornos no neuro desenvolvimento com déficits no controle postural (CP), desenvolvimento motor e coordenação. O déficit no CP parece ser generalizado em todo o espectro e pode limitar a aquisição de novas habilidades motoras com graves consequências na qualidade de vida. Objetivos: i) verificar se as técnicas não lineares identificam o padrão de recorrência local no espaço de fase do CP em indivíduos com TEA, ii) comparar o CP entre indivíduos com TEA e neuro típicos, durante uma tarefa de equilíbrio dinâmico de rotação. Métodos: seis indivíduos adultos do sexo masculino, três autistas e três neuro típicos, realizaram uma tarefa de equilíbrio dinâmico, onde foram recolhidos dados da velocidade angular do tronco. Resultados: Apesar da inexistência de diferenças significativas, os adultos autistas revelaram, para todos os planos de movimento, valores médios superiores de recorrência, periodicidade, estabilidade (exceto na linha máxima no plano transversal), complexidade e intermitência; diferenças estas confirmadas visualmente pela observação dos gráficos de recorrência. Os autistas revelaram ainda valores médios mais baixos do expoente de Lyapunov, significando menor divergência e variabilidade em comparação com os neurotípicos. Conclusões: A estratégia de controle postural dos autistas baseada em maior periodicidade, estabilidade e menor divergência e variabilidade no controle do equilíbrio pode resultar de uma menor plasticidade na capacidade de se ajustar a estados momentâneos de desequilíbrio postural. Esta estratégia pode estar ligada ao comportamento estereotipado dos autistas de realização contínua de movimentos cíclicos. No entanto, isso não resulta em maior variabilidade no movimento, mas em menor variabilidade. Dada a dificuldade neuro motora destes adultos autistas em produzir variadas amplitudes de movimento, recomenda-se a introdução de atividades de equilíbrio dinâmico começando com níveis reduzidos de distúrbio na estabilidade postural.
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