Impacto de Duas Unidades Didáticas de Educação Esportiva nos Objetivos de Aprendizagem do Ensino Fundamental
Resumo
Os objetivos do estudo foram: (a) explorar o efeito de duas unidades didáticas de educação esportiva (basquete e floorball) no desempenho de jogo e no conhecimento de alunos do ensino fundamental, de acordo com seu nível de habilidade, e (b) saber se houve diferenças de acordo com o esporte (basquete e floorball). Os participantes foram 33 alunos de duas turmas do ensino fundamental. O estudo seguiu uma abordagem de métodos mistos. Duas unidades didáticas (basquete e floorball) foram aplicadas em duas turmas distintas, uma que experimentou o basquete e a outra o floorball. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos por meio de um desenho pré-experimental pré-teste-pós-teste. Variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho do jogo (tomada de decisão, execução técnica, desempenho do jogo, envolvimento no jogo) e conhecimento foram analisadas. Os resultados de aprendizagem dos alunos também foram analisados com base em dados qualitativos de: (a) análise realizada por especialistas e (b) a percepção dos próprios alunos e do professor. Os resultados foram afetados pelo esporte ensinado e pelo nível de habilidade dos alunos. O professor enfatizou que foi difícil para os alunos do ensino fundamental entender alguns conceitos táticos e técnicos, principalmente no floorball. No ensino fundamental, a experiência prévia dos alunos com o conteúdo e o nível de habilidade condicionou os resultados das variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho e conhecimento do jogo. Sugere-se que a utilização de unidades didáticas baseadas no modelo de educação esportiva em esportes de invasão com implemento, como ocorre no floorball no ensino fundamental, poderia exigir instrução mais específica e unidades didáticas mais longas para garantir um nível mínimo de aprendizagem técnico e tático.
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