Repercussões de jogar sem público no factor casa, decisões da arbitragem e componentes do jogo
Resumo
A facilitação social determina que a presença de espectadores em eventos esportivos seja um fator favorável para jogar em casa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a diferença de pontos e gols em função da presença ou ausência de torcida, bem como estudar as possíveis mudanças nas decisões de arbitragem e no estilo de jogo das equipes locais e dos visitantes deste. nova situação gerada pela pandemia COVID-19. A amostra é composta pelos jogos disputados na temporada 2019-2020 correspondentes a oito ligas europeias de futebol: Alemanha, Espanha, Itália, Inglaterra e Áustria. Os resultados mostram que não há diferenças significativas entre jogar com ou sem público, exceto nas primeiras categorias alemã e espanhola. Porém, verifica-se um aumento dos componentes defensivos e uma redução do ataque em equipas que jogam em casa sem espectadores. Como consequência, há também mudanças nas decisões dos árbitros que atribuíram menos faltas e cartões aos visitantes, exceto nas categorias alemã e austríaca. Esses achados não apóiam a teoria da facilitação social de forma generalizada, mas apóiam sua relação com a agressividade dos jogadores locais e até mesmo com as decisões do árbitro. As possíveis implicações levam principalmente à preparação psicológica e ao treinamento tático de jogadores e árbitros para enfrentar jogos sem público nos estádios.
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