Coping Strategies and Burnout Syndrome in University Athletes: Relationships and Differences by Sport Type

Authors

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.668351
Keywords: burnout, coping strategies, university athletes

Abstract

Athletic burnout – defined by physical/emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation – has detrimental effects on athletes’ mental and physical health. It has been linked to issues such as anxiety, depression, and sport dropout. Although the relationship between burnout and coping strategies remains under-explored, coping is considered a key factor in understanding how stress impacts athletes’ well-being. This study examined the relationship between three categories of coping strategies – task-oriented, emotion-oriented, and distraction-oriented – and the dimensions of burnout in university athletes. A total of 330 university-level athletes (47% women, 53% men), representing both individual and team sports, completed the Spanish versions of the Inventory of Coping Strategies in Sport Competition (ISCCS) and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Results showed that emotion-focused and distraction-focused coping strategies were positively and significantly associated with higher physical/emotional exhaustion, a lower sense of accomplishment, and greater sport devaluation. In contrast, task-oriented coping exhibited significant inverse relationships with reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation, indicating a protective role. Additionally, differences by sport type emerged: team-sport athletes reported significantly greater use of task-oriented coping, whereas individual-sport athletes used more distraction coping and showed higher levels of exhaustion and devaluation. Practical implications highlight the importance of fostering active, task-focused coping strategies to prevent burnout, especially in individual sports. These findings enhance our understanding of how coping mechanisms can either mitigate or exacerbate burnout syndrome in university athletes, providing evidence to inform targeted psychological interventions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Views/Downloads
  • Abstract
    407
  • (33-51) Estrategias de af...
    137

References

Arce, C., Palacios, C., Andrade, E., Ferraces, M., & Raedeke, T. (2012). Adaptación del ABQ para la evaluación del burnout en deportistas colombianos. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 7(2), 21–37.

Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Cantón, E., Checa, I., & Budzynska, M. (2013). Estrategias de afrontamiento, optimismo y satisfacción con la vida en futbolistas españoles y polacos: un estudio preliminar. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 22(2), 337–343.

Cantón, E., Checa, I., & Espejo, B. (2015). Evidencias de validez convergente y test-criterio en la aplicación del Instrumento de Evaluación de Emociones en la Competición Deportiva. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 24(2), 311–316.

Cantón, E., Checa, I., & Vellisca, M. (2015). Bienestar psicológico y ansiedad competitiva: el papel de las estrategias de afrontamiento. Revista Costarricense de Psicología, 34(2), 71–78.

De Francisco, C. (2007). Adaptación española del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) (Tesis de maestría). Universidad de Murcia, España.

Gao, Y., & Wang, L. (2024). A study on the relationship and path between mental health and burnout of Chinese athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1422207. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1422207

Gerber, M., Bianchi, R., Madigan, D. J., Jonsdottir, I. H., Claussen, M. C., & Gustafsson, H. (2024). Burnout and overtraining in elite athletes: Unresolved issues and avenues for future research. Sports Psychiatry, 3(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1024/2674-0052/a000073

Glandorf, H. L., Madigan, D. J., Kavanagh, O., & Mallinson-Howard, S. H. (2023). Mental and physical health outcomes of burnout in athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2023.2225187

González, J., & Martínez, J. (2014). Estrategias de afrontamiento y personalidad en la adaptación de jóvenes a su práctica deportiva: Diferencias de género. Revista Euroamericana de Ciencias del Deporte, 4(1), 57–62.

Gustafsson, H., DeFreese, J. D., & Madigan, D. J. (2017). Athlete burnout: A review and recommendations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 109–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.002

León, J., Fuentes, I., & Calvo, A. (2011). Ansiedad estado y autoconfianza precompetitiva en gimnastas. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 7(23), 76–91.

López, M., Torregrosa, M., & Roca, J. (2007). Características del “flow”, ansiedad y estado emocional, en relación con el rendimiento en deportistas de élite. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 7(1), 25–44.

Molinero, O., Salguero, A., & Márquez, S. (2010). Propiedades psicométricas y estructura dimensional de la adaptación española del Cuestionario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento en Competición Deportiva (ISCCS). Psicothema, 22(4), 975–982.

Nicholls, A. R., & Polman, R. C. (2007). Coping in sport: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(1), 11–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600630654

Pires, D., & Ugrinowitsch, H. (2021). Burnout and coping perceptions of volleyball players throughout an annual sport season. Journal of Human Kinetics, 79(1), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0078

Rosado, A., Márquez, S., & Guillén, F. (2012). Estrategias de coping en jugadores de baloncesto de alta competición. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 7(1), 125–147.

Smith, R. E. (1986). Toward a cognitive-affective model of athletic burnout. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(1), 36–50.

Zajonz, P., Vaughan, R. S., & Laborde, S. (2024). A two-sample examination of the relationship between trait emotional intelligence, burnout, and coping strategies in athletes. The Sport Psychologist. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2023-0118

Published
10-10-2025
How to Cite
Rodriguez-Chaparro, S., & Florez-Villamizar, J. (2025). Coping Strategies and Burnout Syndrome in University Athletes: Relationships and Differences by Sport Type. Sport Psychology Notebooks, 25(3), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.668351
Issue
Section
Psicología del Deporte