Muscle Dysmorphia: Predictive and protective factors in adolescents

Authors

  • Graciela Orrit Doctorando Universidad Católica de Valencia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.347981

Abstract

 The Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) is a subcategory of body dysmorphic disorder in which subjects develop a pathological concern for their musculature. The population at risk that suffers from, or can develop MD, prevails in terms of age of appearance in subjects between 16 to 35 years; and it is more frequent in men. This study aimed to determine which variables of the personality, gender identity and passion (harmonious or obsessive) allow to predict MD in adolescents through the Adonis Complex (AC) Scale. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 506 subjects between 16 and 21 years (M=18.20; SD=1.72). The higher correlation was between AC and Emotional Control in men, and impulse control in women. Then a binary logistic regression analysis was performed and model yielded R2=.176 (X2=47.95 (16) <.001) and classified correctly in 88.5% of cases. Results of the analysis showed that harmonious passion (β=-.028, p=.046) and emotional control (β=-.616, p=.002) are protective variables while obsessive passion (β =.065, p=.013) and scrupulosity (β =.344, p=.046) were risk factors. The results show the importance of performing interventions aimed at the prevention of DM, starting from the relevance of working emotional control and harmonious passion in this stage of life and training.

Keywords: Vigorexia, Adonis Complex, Body Dimorphic Disorder.

 

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

American Psychiatric Associatión. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental

disorders (5 ed.). Washington, DC: Author. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.97808904

Antolín, L., Oliva, A., Pertegal, M., & López, A. (2011). Desarrollo y validación de una escala de

valores para el desarrollo positivo adolescente. [Development and validation of a scale of values

for adolescent positive development]. Psicothema, 23(1), 153-159. Retrieved from

http://hdl.handle.net/11441/23218

Aziz, S., Uhrich, B., Wuensch, K., & Swords, B. (2013). The Workaholism Analysis Questionnaire: Emphasizing

Work-Life Imbalance and Addiction in the Measurement of Workaholism. Journal of Behavioral & Applied

Management, 14, 71-86.

Baile, J. (2005). Vigorexia. Cómo reconocerla y evitarla [Vigorexia How to recognize it and avoid it]. Madrid: Sintesis.

Castro-López, R., Molero, D., Cachón-Zagalaz, J., & Sagalaz-Sánchez, M. L. (2014). Factores de Personalidad y Fisioculturismo: indicadores asociados a la vigorexia. Revista de Psicológia del Deporte, 23(2), 295-300.

Bermudez, J. (1995). Manual del Cuestionario “Big Five” (BFQ). [Manual of the "Big Five" Questionnaire (BFQ)]. Madrid: TEA.

Bjornsson , A., Didie, E., Grant, J., Menard, W., Stalker, E., & Phillips, K. (2013). Age at onset and clinical correlates in body dysmorphic disorder. Compr Psychiatry, 54, 893-903. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.019

Fernandez-Berrocal, P., & Ruiz, D. (2008). La inteligencia Emocional en Educación. [Emotional Intelligence in Education]. Electronic Journal of Researchin Educational Psychology 6(2), 0-0, 6(15), 421-436.

Galli, N., Petrie, T., Reel, J., Greenlealf, C., & Carter, J. (2015, junio). Psychosocial predictors of drive for muscularity in male collegiate athletes. Body Image, 14, 62-65. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016j.bodyim.2015.03.009.

González-Martí, I., Fernández Bustos, J. G., & Contreras Jordan, O. R. (2012). Contribución para el criterio diagnóstico de la Dismorfia Muscular (Vigorexia). Revista de Psicología del Deprte, 21(2), 351-358.

Greenberg, D., Witztum, E., & Pisante, J. (1987). Scrupulosity: religious attitudes and clinical presentations. The Britis journal of medical psychology, 60(pt1), 29-37. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1987.tb02714.x

Grieve, F. G. (2007). A Conceptual model of factors contributing to the development of Muscle Dysmorphia. Eeting Disorders, 15,63-80. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10640260601044535

Gutierrez, C., & Ferrerira, R. (2007). Estudio sobre la Adicción al Ejercicio: Un Enfoque de la Problemática actual. [Study on Exercise Addiction: An Approach to Current Issues]. Medellin: Universidad de Antioquia.

Jiménez, M., & López, E. (2013). Impacto de la inteligencia emocional percibida, actitudes sociales y expectativas del profesor en el rendimiento académico. [Impact of perceived emotional intelligence, social attitudes and teacher expectations on academic performance]. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 11(29), 75-98.

Martín de Benito, M., Guzmán Luján, F. J., & de Benito Trigueros, A. M. (2018). Inteligencia emocional, percepción de apoyo a la autonomía y relaciones en el deporte. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 18(1), 13-

Melosik, Z. (2010). Tożsamość, ciałoi władza w kulturze instant. [Identity, body and power in instant culture]. Croacia: Impuls.

Mitchell, L., Murray, S. B., Hoon, M., Hackett, D., & Prvan, T. (2017). Correlates of muscle dysmorphia

symptomatology in natural bodybuilders: Distinguishing factors in the pursuit of hyper-muscularity. Body Image, 22, 1-5. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018017.

Nogueira López, A., Salguero del Valle, A., & Márquez Rosa, S. (2017). Adicción a correr: una revisión desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad. Revista de Psicología Aplicada al Deporte y al Ejercicio Físico, 2(1), 11-22.

Orgambídez, A., Borrego, Y., & Gonçalves, G. (2014). Passionate workers: Spanish adaptation of the passion Scale. [Los trabajadores apasionados: Adaptación española de la Escala de Pasión]. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(2), 43-48.

Peñafiel, E., & Serrano, C. (2010). Habilidades sociales. [Social skills]. Madrid, España: Editex, S.A.

Philippe, F., Vallerand, R., Houlfort, N., Lavigne, G., & Donahue, E. (2010). Passion for an activity and quality of interpersonal relationships: the mediating role of emotions. Journal of personality and social psychology, 98(6), 917-932. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018017

Pope, H. G., Gruber, A. J., Mangweth, B., Bureau, B., De Col, C., Jouvent, R., & Hudson, J. J. (2000). Body image Perception Among Men in three Countries. American Journal of Psychiatry(157), 1297-1301. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.1297

Pope, H. G., Katz, D., & Hudson, J. (1993). Anorexia Nervosa and "Reverse Anorexia" Among 108 Male Bodybuilders. Comprehensive Psychiatry(9), 406-409. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-440X(93)90066-D

Starzomska, M., & Cylwik , M. (2013). W poszukiwaniu przyczyn bigoreksji: Wizerunek ciała a obrostan u mężczyzn uczęszczających do siłowni w świetle wyników badań. [In search of the causes of bigorexia: Body image and well-being in men attending the gym in the light of research results]. Kwartalnik Naukowy FIDES ET RATIO, 1(13), 204-2017.

Urlych, I. (2013). Wielka bigoreksja–w wielkiej sieci [The great bigorexia–on the World Wide Web]. Wychowanie Fizyczne i Zdrowotne, 1, 20-25.

Vallerand, R., & Verner-Filion, J. (2013). Making people’s life most worth living: On the importance of passion for positive psychology. Terapia psicológica, 25-48. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082013000100004

Walker, D. C., Anderson, D. A., & Hildebrandt, T. (2009, junio). Body checking behaviors in men. Body Image, 6(3), 164-170.

Wilhelm , S., & Steketee , G. (2006). Cognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A guide for professionals. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications

Published
28-05-2019
How to Cite
Orrit, G. (2019). Muscle Dysmorphia: Predictive and protective factors in adolescents. Sport Psychology Notebooks, 19(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.347981
Issue
Section
Psicología del Deporte