Psychologic training program and mental toughness development: an integrative revision of literature
Agencias de apoyo
- O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001.×
Resumen
El constructo Mental Toughness (MT) se considera un componente esencial del rendimiento deportivo, por lo tanto, es importante examinar cómo se ofrecen y aplican a los atletas los programas para desarrollar MT. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue revisar la literatura en relación a los programas de entrenamiento psicológico (PST) aplicados para el desarrollo de la Robustez Mental en el contexto deportivo. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Scielo, PubMed, SportDiscus, BVS, Embase y Psynet, considerando los idiomas portugués, inglés y español. Se utilizó el programa EndNote® para almacenar y organizar el material. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos completos, con atletas, que investigaran el entrenamiento psicológico para el desarrollo de MT; los criterios de exclusión fueron: estudios de revisión, estudios de áreas distintas al deporte y entrenamiento psicológico realizado con atletas lesionados. Los resultados muestran 1.858 estudios y, de ese total, se incluyeron diez estudios para síntesis y análisis cualitativo. Los hallazgos muestran que cuatro estudios utilizaron modalidades colectivas y siete utilizaron modalidades individuales, siendo cuatro estudios con atletas adultos y seis con atletas adolescentes. En cuanto a la estructura de los programas, seis estudios utilizaron actividades tradicionales de PST, mientras que dos trabajaron con actividades específicas para desarrollar MT. Para la evaluación previa y posterior, los diez estudios utilizaron herramientas que miden MT. De los estudios analizados, nueve muestran un aumento en las puntuaciones de MT después de las intervenciones. En conclusión, los programas de entrenamiento psicológico orientados al desarrollo de la MT no se diferencian de los programas tradicionales de PST, tanto en las habilidades psicológicas trabajadas, las actividades realizadas y el número de sesiones.
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