Influencia del feedback de entrenadoras/es sobre el refinamiento de destrezas motrices en deportistas experimentados/as: una revisión sistemática.
Resumen
Los y las entrenadoras pueden utilizar el feedback para mejorar el rendimiento de las y los deportistas. Sin embargo, dicha evidencia no ha sido aún revisada en deportistas experimentados/as. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática para examinar la influencia de las diversas características del feedback que proporcionan las y los entrenadores sobre el refinamiento de destrezas motrices en deportistas experimentadas/os, así como observar si el nivel de experiencia y el tipo de destreza motriz tienen influencia sobre esta relación. Siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, se buscaron estudios experimentales y cuasiexperimentales en Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo y Dialnet en español, inglés y portugués. Se obtuvieron 19 estudios. La mayoría mostraron una mejora del rendimiento motor con valores similares en casi todas las características del feedback: después de la destreza motriz, valencia neutra, frecuente, constante, controlado por el investigador/a, comparado con ellos/as mismos/as, veraz, sobre el resultado y/o rendimiento de modo visual y/o verbal. No se obtuvo evidencia de que los resultados estuvieran influidos por el tipo de destreza motriz o el nivel de experiencia. Como conclusión, los estudios analizados mostraron como, cuando se proporciona feedback, se realiza mediante algún valor de cada una de las características de este. Además, se debe tener en consideración si el objetivo final de su proporción es refinar una destreza motriz para la mejora de la condición física o promover cambios en la realización de esta. En ambos casos, el uso de la tecnología podría ser útil para proporcionar el tipo de feedback expuesto anteriormente.
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