Development and validation of the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to design and validate the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale. We analyze a sample consisting of 1125 participants of both sexes, from Cádiz, with an age range between 11 and 15 years old. Exploratory factorial analysis was performed with the sample 1 (n=551) and it resulted in four factors: economic expectations, academic expectations, expectations of personal well-being and family expectations. The application of the confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the sample 2 (n=574). The factor structure of the scale was confirmed. The model showed a good fit. The reliability and item analyses showed that the scale had good internal consistency. With the aim of determining construct validity, the data obtained by the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale were compared with other instruments that assess self-esteem and life satisfaction. We expected to get positive relationship between them. It was concluded that the 14-item scale is a valid instrument to evaluate adolescents’ future expectations.Downloads
References
Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 164-180. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x
Bernabé-Valero, G.; García-Alandete, J. y Gallego-Pérez, J.F. (2014). Construcción de un cuestionario para la evaluación de la gratitud: el Cuestionario de Gratitud–20 ítems (G-20). Anales de Psicología, 30(1), 278-286. doi: 10.6018/analesps.30.1.135511
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press.
Buelga, S., Cava, M.J. y Musitu, G. (2012). Reputación social, ajuste psicosocial y victimización entre adolescentes en el contexto escolar. Anales de Psicología, 28(1), 180-187.
Castro, A. y Sánchez-López, M. (2000). Objetivos de vida y satisfacción autopercibida en estudiantes universitarios. Psicothema, 12(1), 87-92.
Del Río-González, A.M. y Nidia Herrera, A. (2006). Desarrollo de un instrumento para evaluar perspectiva de tiempo futuro en adolescentes. Avances en Medición, 4, 47-60.
Díaz Morales, J. y Sanchez López, M. (2002). Metas personales y satisfacción autopercibida. En G. Hernández (Ed.), Motivación animal y humana (pp. 359-380). México: El Manual Moderno.
Dreher, E. y Oerter, R. (1986). Children’s and adolescents’ conceptions of adulthood: the changing view of a crucial developmental task. En R. K. Silbereisen, K. Eyferth y R. Rudinger (Eds.), Development as action in context: Problem behaviour and normal youth development (pp. 109–120). New York: Springer Verlag.
Dryfoos, J. G. (1990) Adolescents at Risk: Prevalence and Prevention. New York: Oxford University Press.
Espada, J.P., Ballester, R., Huedo-Medina, T.B., Secades-Villa, R., Orgilés, M. y Martínez-Lorca, M. (2013). Development of a new instrument to assess AIDS-related attitudes among Spanish Youngsters. Anales de Psicología, 29(1), 83-89. doi: 10.6018/analesps.29.1.132301
Ferrando, P.J. y Anguiano-Carrasco, C. (2010). El análisis factorial como técnica de investigación en psicología. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31(1), 18-33.
Fingerman, K. y Perlmutter, M. (1995). Future time perspective and life events across adulthood. The Journal of General Psychology, 122, 95-108.
García-Olcina, M., Piqueras, J.A. y Martínez-González, A.E. (2014). Datos preliminares de la validación del Cuestionario de Detección vía Web para los trastornos emocionales (DETECTA-WEB) en adolescentes españoles. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 1(1), 69-77.
García-Viniegras, C. R. V. (2005). El bienestar psicológico: Dimensión subjetiva de la calidad de vida. Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala, 8(2), 20.
Gómez-Bustamante, E. M. y Cogollo, Z. (2010). Factores predictores relacionados con el bienestar general en adolescentes estudiantes de Cartagena, Colombia. Revista de Salud Pública, 12(1), 61-70. doi: 10.1590/S0124-00642010000100006
Honora, D. y Freeman, J. (2001). Future time perspective as a correlate to academic achievement and school membership among urban African American adolescents. Adolescence, 42(167), 525-538.
Jackson, T., Fritch, A., Nagasaka, T. y Pope, L. (2003). Procrastination and perceptions of past, present and future. Individual Differences Research, 1, 17-28.
Jiménez, T.I. (2011). Autoestima de riesgo y protección: Una mediación entre el clima familiar y el consumo de sustancias en adolescentes. Psychosocial Intervention, 20(1), 53-61. doi: 10.5093/in2011v20n1a6
Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
Labrador, F.J., Villadangos, S.M., Crespo, M. y Becoña, B. (2013). Desarrollo y validación del cuestionario de uso problemático de nuevas tecnologías (UPNT). Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 836-847. doi: 10.6018/analesps.29.3.159291
Laghi, F., Pallini, S., D'Alessio, M., y Baiocco, R. (2011). Development and validation of the efficacious self-presentation scale. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 172(2), 209–219. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2010.526975
Laghi, F., Baiocco, R., Lonigro, A., Capacchione, G., y Baumgartner, E. (2012). Family functioning and binge drinking among Italian adolescents. Journal of Health Psychology, 17(8), 1132–1141. doi: 10.1177/1359105311430005
Lennings, C., Burns, A. y Cooney, G. (1998). Profiles of time perspective and personality: developmental considerations. Journal of Psychology, 132(6), 629-641.
Lerner, R.M., Lerner, J.V., Lewin-Bizan, S., Boyd, M.J., Kieluy Mueller, M., Schmid, K.L., Alberts Warren, A. y Bowers, E. (2011). The 4-H Study of positive youth development: past, present and future. Tufts University: Institute for Applied Research in Youth Development.
Lewin , K. (1939). Field theory and experiment in social psychology. American Journal of Sociology, 44, 868-896.
Llamazares Sánchez, L. (2006). Intereses académico profesionales y sociales de los jóvenes de entre 16 y 20 años de la ciudad de león. Humanismo y Trabajo Social, 5, 197-230.
Martos Méndez, M. J. y Pozo Muñoz, C. (2011). Adaptación al español de la “Escala de apoyo social percibido específico para la enfermedad” de Revenson et al., 1991. Psicothema, 23(4), 795-801.
McCabe, K. y Barnett, D. (2000). First comes work, then comes marriage: Future orientation among African American young adolescents. Family relations, 49, 63-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00063.x
Montoya B. y Landero, R. (2008). Satisfacción con la vida y autoestima en jóvenes de familias monoparentales y biparentales. Psicología y Salud, 18(1), 117-122.
Nurmi, J. E. (1989). Development of orientation to the future during early adolescence: A four-year longitudinal study and two cross-sectional comparisons. International Journal of Psychology, 24(2), 195-214. doi: 10.1080/00207594.1989.10600042
Nurmi, J. E. (1991). How do adolescents see their future? A review of the development of future orientation and planning. Developmental Review, 11(1), 1-59. doi: 10.1016/0273-2297(91)90002-6
Nurmi, J.E. (2004). Socialization and self-development: channeling, selection, adjustment, and reflection. En R. M. Lerner y L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology, vol. 2 (pp. 85–124). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Nurmi, J.E., Poole, M. y Kalakoski, V. (1994). Age differences in adolescent future oriented goals, concerns, and related temporal extension in different sociocultural contexts. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23(4) 471-487.
Nutin, J. y Lens, W. (1985). Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method. Location: Erlbaum.
Oppenheimer, L. (1987). Cognition and social variables in the plan of action. In S.H. Freidman, E. Kofsky-Scholnick y R.R. Cocking (Eds.) Blueprints for thinking: the role of planning in cognitive development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pavot, W. y Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5 (2), 164-172. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4-5
Petry, N.M., Bickel, W.K. y Arnett, M. (1998). Shortened time horizons and insensitivity to future consequences in heroin addicts. Addiction, 93 (5), 729-738. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9357298.x
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent selfimage. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rothspan, S. y Read, S. (1996). Present Versus Future Time Perspective And HIV Risk Among Heterosexual College Students. Health Psychology, 15 (2), 131-134. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.15.2.131
Sanz De Acedo Lizarraga, M.L., Ugarte, M. D. y Lumbreras Bea, M. V. (2003). Desarrollo y validación de un cuestionario de metas para adolescentes. Psicothema, 15(3), 493-499.
Seginer, R. (2000). Optimism correlates of adolescent future orientation: A domain-specific analysis. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(3), 307-326. doi: 10.1177/0743558400153001
Seginer, R. (2009). Future Orientation. Developmental and Ecological Perspectives. Israel: Springer.
Snyder, C.R., Rand, K.L. y Sigmon, D.R. (2002). Hope theory: A member of the positive psychology family. En C.R.
Snyder y S.J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology
(pp. 231–243). New York: Oxford University Press.
Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D.S. y Edwards, S. (1994). The consideration of future consequences: Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(44), 742-752. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.742
Thomae, H. (1981). Future Time Perspective and the Problem of Cognition/Motivation Interaction. En G. D´Ydewalle y W. Lens (Eds.), Cognition in Human Motivation and Learning (pp. 261-274). Hillsdale, New Jersey: LEA.
Wade, J. (2008). The ties that bind: Support from birth families and substitute families for young people leaving care. British Journal of Social Work, 38, 39−54. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcl342
Wills, T.A., Sandy, J.M. y Yaeger, A.M. (2001). Time perspective and early-onset substance use: A model based on stress-coping theory. Psychology of addictive behaviors, 15 (2), 118-125. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.15.2.118
Zimbardo, P.G. y Boyd, J.N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77 (6), 1271-1298. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1271
The works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The Publications Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) retains the property rights (copyright) of published works, and encourages and enables the reuse of the same under the license specified in paragraph 2.
© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2022
2. The works are published in the online edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 (legal text). You can copy, use, distribute, transmit and publicly display, provided that: i) you cite the author and the original source of publication (journal, editorial and URL of the work), ii) are not used for commercial purposes, iii ) mentions the existence and specifications of this license.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3. Conditions of self-archiving. Is allowed and encouraged the authors to disseminate electronically pre-print versions (version before being evaluated and sent to the journal) and / or post-print (version reviewed and accepted for publication) of their works before publication, as it encourages its earliest circulation and diffusion and thus a possible increase in its citation and scope between the academic community. RoMEO Color: Green.
