Preocupación por la comida, insatisfacción corporal, interiorización de la delgadez y actitudes antiobesos en su relación con las ideologías de género en una muestra de hombres

Autores/as

  • Alejandro Magallares UNED
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.1.182651
Palabras clave: ideología de género, preocupación por la comida, insatisfacción corporal, interiorización de la delgadez, actitudes antiobesos

Resumen

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son mucho menos frecuentes en hombres que en mujeres. En este artículo se argumenta que esas diferencias pueden ser explicadas por las ideologías de género que tienen hombres y mujeres. La literatura sugiere que las mujeres interiorizan la normal social de delgadez y por esa razón acaban desarrollando preocupación por la comida e insatisfacción corporal con el paso del tiempo, mientras que los hombres externalizan el valor de la delgadez y es por ello que muestran más actitudes antiobesos que las mujeres. Los datos obtenidos de 450 estudiantes varones muestran que los participantes que puntuaban alto en ideología de género informaban de mayores actitudes antiobesos y menos interiorización de la delgadez, preocupación por la comida e insatisfacción corporal. Finalmente se discute porque los hombres y las mujeres adoptan diferentes estrategias para lidiar con la normal social de delgadez.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Agras, W., Bryson, S., Hammer, L., & Kraemer, H. (2007). Childhood Risk Factors for Thin Body Preoccupation and Social Pressure to Be Thin. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 171-178. doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e31802bd997

Andersen, A.E. (1995). Eating disorders in males. In K. D Brownell, C.G. Fairburn, (eds.), Eating disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook (pp. 177-187). New York: The Guilford Press.

Aruguete, M., Yates, A., & Edman, J. (2006). Gender Differences in Attitudes about Fat. North American Journal of Psychology, 8, 183-192.

Barlett, C. P., Vowels, C. L., & Saucier, D. A. (2008). Meta-analyses of the effects of media images on men’s body-image concerns. Jour-nal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27, 279 –310. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2008.27.3.279

Bell, B. & Dittmar, H. (2011). Does Media Type Matter? The Role of Identification in Adolescent Girls' Media Consumption and the Impact of Different Thin-Ideal Mediaon Body Image. Sex Roles, 65, 478-490. doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9964-x.

Blond, A. (2008). Impacts of exposure to images of ideal bodies on male body dissatisfaction: A review. Body Image, 5, 244–250. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.02.003

Bottamini, G. (2006). Male voices on body image. International Journal of Men’s Health, 5, 109-132. doi: 10.3149/jmh.0502.109

Bully, P. & Elosua, P. (2011). Changes in body dissatisfaction relative to gender and age: The modulating character of BMI. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14, 313-322. doi: 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.28

Castillo-Mayén, M. R. (2011). Orientación a la dominancia social e identidad de género: mediación de variables socializadoras del género[Social dominance orientation and gender identity]. Jaén: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Jaén.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavior sciences. New York: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.

Cohen, D. & Petrie, T. (2005). An Examination of Psychosocial Corre-lates of Disordered Eating among Undergraduate Women. Sex Roles, 52, 29-42. doi: 10.1007/s11199-005-1191-x

Cooper, P.J., M.J. Taylor, Z. Cooper, & C.G. Fairburn (1987). The development and validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 485-494. doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(198707)6:4<485::AID-EAT2260060405>3.0.CO;2-O

Crandall, C.S. (1994). Prejudice Against Fat People: Ideology and Self-Interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 882-894. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.66.5.882

Fernandez, S. & Pritchard, M. (2012). Relationships between self-esteem, media influence and drive for thinness. Eating Behaviors, 13, 321-325. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.05.004

Garner, D.M & Garfinkel, P.E. (1979). The eating attitudes test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 9, 273-279. doi: 10.1017/S0033291700030762

Garner, D.M., Olmsted, M.P., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P.E. (1982). The Eating Attitudes Test: Psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12, 871-878. doi: 10.1017/S0033291700049163

Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 1–16. doi:10.1002/eat.10005

Heinberg, L.,Thompson, K. & Stormer, S. (1995). Development and Validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17, 81-89. doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<81::AID-EAT2260170111>3.0.CO;2-Y

Hinde, R. & Dennis, A. (1986). Categorizing Individuals: An Alternative to Linear Analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 9, 105 -119. doi: 10.1177/016502548600900107

Hospers, J. & Jansen, A. (2005). Why homosexuality is a risk factor for eating disorders in males. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 24, 1188-1201. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.8.1188

Hudson, J.I., Hiripi, E., Pope, H.G. & Kessler, R.C. (2007). The preva-lence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comor-bidity Survey Replication. Biological psychiatry, 61, 348–358. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.040

Jimenez-Cruz, B.E. & Silva-Gutierrez, C. (2010). Riesgo para trastorno alimentario, ansiedad, depresión y otras emociones asociadas a la exposición de imágenes publicitarias [Risk for eating disorders, anxiety, depression and other emotions related to publicitary images exposure]. Anales de psicología, 26, 11-17. doi:10.6018/91911

Levant, R. & Richmond, K. (2007). A Review of Research on Mascu-linity Ideologies Using the Male Role Norms Inventory. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 15, 130-146. doi: 10.3149/jms.1502.130

Levi, A., Chan, K., & Pence, D. (2006). Real Men Do Not Read Labels: The Effects of Masculinity and Involvement on College Students' Food Decisions. Journal of American College Health, 55, 91-98. doi:10.3200/JACH.55.2.91-98

Levine, M. P. & Murnen, S. (2009). “Everybody knows that mass media [pick one] are not a cause of eating disorders”: A critical review of evidence for a causal link between media, negative body image, and disordered eating in females. Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology, 28, 9-42. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2009.28.1.9

Llorente, E., Warren, C.S., de Eulate, L.P., & Gleaves, D.H. (2013). A Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3): translation and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 240-251. doi: 10.1002/jclp.21944

Magallares, A. & Morales, J.F. (2013). Gender differences in antifat attitudes. Revista de Psicologia Social, 28, 113-119. doi: 10.1174/021347413804756014

Magallares, A. & Morales, J.F. (2014). Adaptación al castellano de la Escala de Actitud Antiobesos [Spanish adaptation of the Antifat Attitudes Scale]. Revista de Psicologia Social, 29. doi: 10.1080/02134748.2014.972707

Marco, J.H., Perpiña, C., & Botella, C. (2014). Tratamiento de la imagen corporal en los trastornos alimentarios y cambio clínicamente significativo [The treatment of the body image disturbances in eating disorders and clinically significant change]. Anales de psicología, 30, 422-430. doi: 10.6018/analesps.30.2.151291

McFarland, M. & Petrie, T. (2012). Male body satisfaction: Factorial and construct validity of the Body Parts Satisfaction Scale for men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 329-337. doi:10.1037/a0026777

McKinley, N. (2006). Longitudinal Gender Differences in Objectified Body Consciousness and Weight-Related Attitudes and Behaviors: Cultural and Developmental Contexts in the Transition from Col-lege. Sex Roles, 54, 159-173. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-006-9335-1.

Meyer, C., Blissett, J., & Oldfield, C. (2001). Sexual orientation and eating psychopathology: The role of masculinity and femininity. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29, 314–318. doi: 10.1002/eat.1024

Meyer, C., McPartlan, L., Rawlinson, A., Bunting, J., & Waller, G. (2011). Related Behaviours and Cognitions: Relationship to Eating Psychopathology in Non-Clinical Women and Men. Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39, 591-600. doi: 10.1017/S1352465811000270

Morgan, J. (2012). Male eating disorders. In A. June & J.Treasure (eds.), A collaborative approach to eating disorders (pp. 272-278). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.

Murnen, S. (2011). Gender and body images. In T. Cash & L. Smolak (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention (pp. 173-179). New York: Guilford Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384925-0.00019-5

Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (1997). Femininity, masculinity, and disor-dered eating: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, 231–242. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199711)22:3<231::AID-EAT2>3.0.CO;2-O

Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (2009). Are Feminist Women Protected from Body Image Problems? A Meta-analytic Review of Relevant Research. Sex Roles, 60, 186–197. doi: 10.1007/s11199-008-9523-2

Neumark-Sztainer, D., Wall, M., Story, M., & Sherwood, N. (2009). Five-year longitudinal predictive factors for disordered eating in a population-based sample of overweight adolescents: Implications for prevention and treatment. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42, 664-672. doi: 10.1002/eat.20733.

Nuñez, A, Agüera Z., Krug, I., Jimenez, S., Sanchez, I., … & Fernandez, F. (2012). Do men with eating disorders differ from women in clinics, psychopathology and personality? European Eating Disorders Review, 20, 23-31. doi: 10.1002/erv.1146

Perez, M., Lewis, R., & Cash, T. (2001). The Relationship of Antifat Attitudes to Other Prejudicial and Gender-Related Atti-tudes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 683-697. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb01408.x

Peterson, R., Tantleff-Dunn, S., & Bedwell, J. (2006). The effects of exposure to feminist ideology on women's body image. Body Im-age, 3, 237-246. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.05.004

Pleck, J. H., Sonenstein, F. L., & Ku, L. C. (1993). Masculinity ideology: Its impact on adolescent males’ heterosexual relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 11-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb01166.x

Presnell, K., Bearman, S., & Stice, E. (2004). Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: a prospective study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, 389-401. doi: 10.1002/eat.20045

Raich, R.M., Mora, M., Soler, A., Avila, C., Clos, I., & Zapater L. (1996). Adaptación de un instrumento de evaluación de la insatisfacción corporal[Adaptation of a body dissatisfaction assessment instrument]. Clínica y Salud, 7, 51-66.

Revelle, W. (2007). Experimental Approaches to the Study of Personality. In B. Robins, C. Fraley & R. Krueger, Personality Research Methods (pp. 37-61.). New York: Guilford.

Richetin, J., Xaiz, A., Maravita, A., & Perugini, M. (2012). Self-body recognition depends on implicit self-esteem. Body Image, 9, 253-260. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.11.002

Rivas, T., Bersabé, R., Jiménez, M. & Berrocal, C. (2010). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26): Reliability and Validity in Spanish Female Samples. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13, 1044-1056. doi: 10.1017/S1138741600002687

Spence, J.T., Helmreich, R. L., & Sawin, L.L. (1980). The Male-Female Relations Questionnaire: A self-report inventory of sex-role be-haviors and preferences and its relationships to masculine and femenine personality traits, sex-role attitudes and other measures. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology,10,1-3.

Steinfeldt, J., Zakrajsek, R., Carter, H., & Steinfeldt, M. (2011). Conformity to gender norms among female student-athletes: Implications for body image. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 401-416. doi: 10.1037/a0023634

Stice E. & Shaw, H.E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology.Asynthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 985–993. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00488-9

Swami, V. & Abbasnejad, A. (2010). Associations between femininity ideology and body appreciation among British female undergraduates. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 685–687. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.017

Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M. N., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment and treatment of body image dis-turbance. Washington: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10312-000

Wiederman, M. (2005). The Gendered Nature of Sexual Scripts. The Family Journal, 13, 496-502.

Young, A., Gabriel, S. & Hollar, J. (2013). Batman to the rescue! The protective effects of parasocial relationships with muscular su-perheroes on men's body image. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 173-177. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.08.003

Publicado
25-12-2015
Cómo citar
Magallares, A. (2015). Preocupación por la comida, insatisfacción corporal, interiorización de la delgadez y actitudes antiobesos en su relación con las ideologías de género en una muestra de hombres. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 32(1), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.1.182651
Número
Sección
Psicología social