Impacto en la salud mental en una muestra de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México

Autores/as

  • Lucía-Verónica Maya Piña Departamento de Reumatologìa, HJM, Ciudad de México
  • Rosa-Elda Barbosa-Cobos Departamento de Reumatologìa, HJM, Ciudad de México
  • Gustavo-Esteban Lugo-Zamudio Departamento de Reumatologìa, HJM, Ciudad de México
  • Karla-Lorena Chacón-Abril Departamento de Reumatologìa, HJM, Ciudad de México
  • Mayela Padrón-Ramírez Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México
  • Xóchitl Jiménez-Jiménez Departamento de Reumatología, Centro Médico Naval, Ciudad de México
  • César-Rubén Vuelvas-Olmos Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
  • Nadia Yanet Cortés-Álvarez Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
  • Saúl Jiménez-Jiménez Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma, México
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.502711
Palabras clave: DASS-21, Ansiedad, Estrés, Depresión, COVID-19

Resumen

Una de las consecuencias de la pandemia es el aumento de la prevalencia de alteraciones mentales como la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés. En este estudio transversal y observacional se evaluó la prevalencia de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 así como la probable asociación con el impacto emocional recibido por familiares de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Cuarenta y cinco pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 con una edad promedio de 54.4 ± 9.6 años y cincuenta y cinco familiares de pacientes hospitalizados con una edad promedio de 43.2 ± 11.8 años respondieron una batería de preguntas y la encuesta DASS-21. Nuestros resultados revelaron una alta prevalencia de depresión, ansiedad y estrés identificados por DASS-21. En este estudio identificamos factores de riesgo asociados a la salud emocional como la edad (< 50 años: depresión RM = 2.99 [1.31, 6.80]  p < .05 y ansiedad RM = 2.83 [1.15, 6.93], p < .05), el género (mujeres: ansiedad RM = 4.13 [1.57, 10.89], p <  .05 y estrés RM = 5.38 [2.27, 12.8], p < .05) y el grupo de estudio (familiares: depresión RM = 3.83 [1.63, 8.96]; p < .05 , ansiedad RM = 3.60 [1.46, 8.88]; p < .05 y estrés RM = 3.30 [1.41, 7.70]; p < .05). Además, el género femenino y el nivel socioeconómico bajo de los pacientes (β = 3.23; 1.96) y familiares (β = 1.86; 2.31) se asociaron con puntuaciones más altas en ansiedad (p < .05) y estrés (p < .05). Concluimos que la muestra de pacientes con COVID-19 mantiene una alta prevalencia de alteraciones mentales y que algunos factores sociodemográficos se asocian con la magnitud de estos trastornos.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abbasi-Oshaghi, E., Mirzaei, F., Farahani, F., Khodadadi, I., & Tayebinia, H. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Laboratory, PCR, and chest CT imaging findings. International Journal of Surgery.

Acuna-Zegarra, M. A., Comas-Garcia, A., Hernandez-Vargas, E., Santana-Cibrian, M., & Velasco-Hernandez, J. X. (2020). The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic outbreak: a review of plausible scenarios of containment and mitigation for Mexico. medRxiv.

Agarwal, T. M., Muneer, M., Asim, M., Awad, M., Afzal, Y., Al-Thani, H., Alhassan, A., Mollazehi, M., & El-Menyar, A. (2020). Psychological trauma in different mechanisms of traumatic injury: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 15(11).

Al Zubayer, A., Rahman, M. E., Islam, M. B., Babu, S. Z. D., Rahman, Q. M., Bhuiyan, M. Khan, M., Chowdhury, M., Hossain, L., & Habib, R. B. (2020). Psychological states of Bangladeshi people four months after the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey. Heliyon, 6(9), e05057.

Arrieta, O., Lara-Mejía, L., Bautista-GonzÁlez, E., Heredia, D., Turcott, J. G., BarrÓn, F., Ramos-Ramírez, M., Cabrera-Miranda, L., Salinas Padilla, M. Á., Aguerrebere, M., Cardona, A. F., Rolfo, C., Arroyo-HernÁndez, M., Soto-Pérez-de-Celis, E., & Baéz-Saldaña, R. (2021). Clinical Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexican Patients with Thoracic Malignancies. The Oncologist, 26(12), 1035–1043.

Bados, A., Solanas, A., & Andrés, R. (2005). Psycometric properties of the Spanish version of Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Psicothema, 17(4), 679–683.

Bautista, C. F., Velázquez, J. V., Icaza, M. E. M. M., López, M. M., López, M. d. L. G., & Robles, N. O. (2012). Sociodemographic and personal factors related to depressive symptomatology in the Mexican population aged 12 to 65. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 34(4), 395-404.

Beck, K., Vincent, A., Becker, C., Keller, A., Cam, H., Schaefert, R., Reinhardt, T., Sutter, R., Tisljar, K., Bassetti, S., Schuetz, P., & Hunziker, S. (2021). Prevalence and factors associated with psychological burden in COVID-19 patients and their relatives: A prospective observational cohort study. PLOS ONE, 16(5).

Bermudez, J. M., & Mancini, J. A. (2013). Familias fuertes: Family resilience among Latinos. In Handbook of family resilience (pp. 215-227): Springer.

Bhat, B. A., Mir, R. A., Hussain, A., & Shah, I. R. (2020). Depressive and anxiety symptoms, quality of sleep, and coping during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic in general population in Kashmir. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27(1), 1-10.

Burki, T. (2020). The indirect impact of COVID-19 on women. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(8), 904-905.

Canet-Juric, L., Andrés, M. L., Del Valle, M., López-Morales, H., Poó, F., Galli, J. I., Yerro, M., & Urquijo, S. (2020). A longitudinal study on the emotional impact cause by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine on general population. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 2431.

Chen, L., Deng, C., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Chen, B., Yu, H., Qin, Y., Xiao, K., Zhang, H., & Sun, X. (2020). Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 535 cases of COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China: a cross‐sectional study. Acta ophthalmologica, 98(8), e951-e959.

Cortés-Álvarez, N. Y., Pineiro-Lamas, R., & Vuelvas-Olmos, C. R. (2020). Psychological effects and associated factors of COVID-19 in a Mexican sample. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 14(3), 413-424.

Daza, P., Novy, D. M., Stanley, M. A., & Averill, P. (2002). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21: Spanish Translation and Validation with a Hispanic Sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2002 24:3, 24(3), 195–205.

Delsante, M., Rossi, G. M., Gandolfini, I., Bagnasco, S. M., & Rosenberg, A. Z. (2020). Kidney involvement in COVID-19: Need for better definitions. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 31(9), 2224-2225.

Dorrell, R. D., Dougherty, M. K., Barash, E. L., Lichtig, A. E., Clayton, S. B., & Jensen, E. T. (2020). Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. JGH Open, 5(1), 107-115.

Dosil-Santamaria, M., Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Mondragon, N. I., Reyes-Sosa, H., & Santabárbara, J. (2022). Emotional State of Mexican University Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, Vol. 19, Page 2155, 19(4), 2155.

Du, Y., Tu, L., Zhu, P., Mu, M., Wang, R., Yang, P., Wang, X., Hu, C., Ping, R., Hu, P., Li, T., Cao, F., Chang, C., Hu, Q., Jin, Y., & Xu, G. (2020). Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A retrospective observational study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 201(11), 1372-1379.

Erman, A., & Medeiros, M. (2021). Exploring the effect of collective cultural attributes on COVID-19-related public health outcomes. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 884.

Gandhi, R. T., Lynch, J. B., & Del Rio, C. (2020). Mild or moderate Covid-19. New England journal of medicine, 383(18), 1757-1766.

Gottlieb, M., & Long, B. (2020). Dermatologic manifestations and complications of COVID-19. The American journal of emergency medicine, 38(9), 1715-1721.

Guo, W. P., Min, Q., Gu, W. W., Yu, L., Xiao, X., Yi, W. B.Dai, Y.-J. (2021). Prevalence of mental health problems in frontline healthcare workers after the first outbreak of COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional study. Health and quality of life outcomes, 19(1), 1-10.

Harangi-Rákos, M., Pfau, C., Bába, É. B., Bács, B. A., & Kőmíves, P. M. (2022). Lockdowns and Physical Activities: Sports in the Time of COVID. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2175.

Jacobson, N. C., Lekkas, D., Price, G., Heinz, M. V., Song, M., O’Malley, A. J., & Barr, P. J. (2020). Flattening the mental health curve: COVID-19 stay-at-home orders are associated with alterations in mental health search behavior in the United States. JMIR mental health, 7(6), e19347.

Josephson, S. A., & Kamel, H. (2020). Neurology and COVID-19. Jama, 324(12), 1139-1140.

Koenig, H. G. (2020). Maintaining health and well-being by putting faith into action during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of religion and health, 59, 2205-2214.

Kumar, K., Kumar, S., Mehrotra, D., Tiwari, S. C., Kumar, V., Khandpur, S., & Dwivedi, R. C. (2018). Prospective evaluation of psychological burden in patients with oral cancer. The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 56(10), 918–924.

Kunutsor, S. K., & Laukkanen, J. A. (2020). Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Infection, 81(3), e72-e74.

Matalon, N., Dorman-Ilan, S., Hasson-Ohayon, I., Hertz-Palmor, N., Shani, S., Basel, D., Gross, R., Chen, W., Abramovich, A., Afek, A., Ziv, A., Kreiss, Y., Pessach, I. M., & Gothelf, D. (2021). Trajectories of post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A one-month follow-up. Journal of psychosomatic research, 143, 110399.

Medina-Mora, M. E. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: Challenges and opportunities. Salud Mental, 43(6), 241-242.

Medina-Mora, M. E., Cordero-Oropeza, M., Rafful, C., Real, T., & Villatoro‐Velazquez, J. A. (2021). COVID‐19 and alcohol in Mexico: A serious health crisis, strong actions on alcohol in response—Commentary on Stockwell et al. Drug and alcohol review, 40(1), 13-16.

Mena, G. E., Martinez, P. P., Mahmud, A. S., Marquet, P. A., Buckee, C. O., & Santillana, M. (2021). Socioeconomic status determines COVID-19 incidence and related mortality in Santiago, Chile. Science, 372(6545).

Ng, F., Trauer, T., Dodd, S., Callaly, T., Campbell, S., & Berk, M. (2007). The validity of the 21‐item version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales as a routine clinical outcome measure. Acta neuropsychiatrica, 19(5), 304-310.

Norton, P. J. (2007). Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21): Psychometric analysis across four racial groups. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 20(3), 253–265.

Odriozola-González, P., Planchuelo-Gómez, Á., Irurtia, M. J., & de Luis-García, R. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry research, 290, 113108.

Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C., & Espada, J. P. (2020). Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 2986.

Pedrosa, A. L., Bitencourt, L., Fróes, A. C. F., Cazumbá, M. L. B., Campos, R. G. B., de Brito, S. B. C. S., & Simões e Silva, A. C. (2020). Emotional, Behavioral, and Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2635.

Pieh, C., Budimir, S., & Probst, T. (2020). The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria. Journal of psychosomatic research, 136, 110186.

Prado-Galbarro, F. J., Sanchez-Piedra, C., Gamiño-Arroyo, A., & Cruz-Cruz, C. (2020). Determinants of survival after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Mexican outpatients and hospitalised patients. Public Health, 189, 66-72.

Proto, E., & Quintana-Domeque, C. (2021). COVID-19 and mental health deterioration by ethnicity and gender in the UK. PloS one, 16(1), e0244419.

Rahman, A., Niloofa, R., Jayarajah, U., De Mel, S., Abeysuriya, V., & Seneviratne, S. L. (2021). Hematological Abnormalities in COVID-19: A Narrative Review. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 104(4), 1188.

Riello, M., Purgato, M., Bove, C., MacTaggart, D., & Rusconi, E. (2020). Prevalence of post-traumatic symptomatology and anxiety among residential nursing and care home workers following the first COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy. Royal Society open science, 7(9), 200880.

Robles, R., Rodríguez, E., Vega-Ramírez, H., Álvarez-Icaza, D., Madrigal, E., Durand, S., Morales-Chainé, S., Astudillo, C., Real-Ramírez, J., Medina-Mora, M. E., Becerra, C., Escamilla, R., Alcocer-Castillejos, N., Ascencio, L., Díaz, D., González, H., Barrón-Velázquez, E., Fresán, A., Rodríguez-Bores, L., Quijada-Gaytán, J. M., … Reyes-Terán, G. (2020). Mental health problems among healthcare workers involved with the COVID-19 outbreak. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 494-503.

Raza, M. R., Shahid, R., Umar, M., & Zeb, S. (2020). Assessment of depression, axiety and stress among Covi-19 patientes by using DASS-21 scales.

Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 1–11

Seyahi, E., Poyraz, B. C., Sut, N., Akdogan, S., & Hamuryudan, V. (2020). The psychological state and changes in the routine of the patients with rheumatic diseases during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Turkey: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Rheumatology international, 40(8), 1229-1238.

Sheth, K., Lorig, K., Stewart, A., Parodi, J. F., & Ritter, P. L. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on Informal Caregivers and the Development and Validation of a Scale in English and Spanish to Measure the Impact of COVID-19 on Caregivers. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 0733464820971511.

Stanton, R., To, Q. G., Khalesi, S., Williams, S. L., Alley, S. J., Thwaite, T. L., Fenning, A.S., & Vandelanotte, C. (2020). Depression, anxiety and stress during COVID-19: associations with changes in physical activity, sleep, tobacco and alcohol use in Australian adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(11), 4065.

Sun, N., Wei, L., Wang, H., Wang, X., Gao, M., Hu, X., & Shi, S. (2021). Qualitative study of the psychological experience of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Journal of affective disorders, 278, 15-22.

Tausch, A., e Souza, R. O., Viciana, C. M., Cayetano, C., Barbosa, J., & Hennis, A. J. (2022). Strengthening mental health responses to COVID-19 in the Americas: A health policy analysis and recommendations. Lancet Regional Health. Americas, 5, 100118

Tayyib, N. M. (2021). An action plan to address the mental health impact of COVID-19 on communities: Five effective strategies. Psychological Services.

Titov, N., Staples, L., Kayrouz, R., Cross, S., Karin, E., Ryan, K., Dear, B., & Nielssen, O. (2020). Rapid report: Early demand, profiles and concerns of mental health users during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Internet Interventions, 21, 100327.

Varma, P., Junge, M., Meaklim, H., & Jackson, M. L. (2021). Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: A global cross-sectional survey. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 109, 110236.

Vulić-Prtorić, A., Selak, M. B., & Sturnela, P. (2020). The psychological distress in students during the COVID-19 crisis: An 8-wave longitudinal study.

Zandifar, A., & Badrfam, R. (2020). Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 101990.

Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. The gerontologist, 20(6), 649-655.

Zeiders, K. H., Roosa, M. W., & TEIN, J. Y. (2011). Family structure and family processes in Mexican‐American families. Family process, 50(1), 77-91.

Zheng, Y., Goh, E., & Wen, J. (2020). The effects of misleading media reports about COVID-19 on Chinese tourists’ mental health: a perspective article. Anatolia, 31(2), 337-340.

Publicado
27-08-2022
Cómo citar
Maya Piña, L.-V., Barbosa-Cobos, R.-E., Lugo-Zamudio, G.-E., Chacón-Abril, K.-L., Padrón-Ramírez, M., Jiménez-Jiménez, X., … Jiménez-Jiménez, S. (2022). Impacto en la salud mental en una muestra de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 38(3), 448–457. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.502711
Número
Vol. 38 Núm. 3 (2022): Octubre - Diciembre
Sección
Psicología clínica y de la salud

Derechos de autor 2022 Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia (España)

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:

1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.

© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2022

 

2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.

3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada y enviada a la revista) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.