TOURISM QUALITATIVE FORECASTING SCENARIO BUILDING THROUGH THE DELPHI TECHNIQUE
Abstract
Futures analyses and scenario-building exercises have received scant attention from scientific literature on the planning and management of tourist destinations. This article emphasizes the importance of a territorial foresight strategy and scenario building in the planning and management of tourist destinations, demonstrating how it is methodologically possible to combine the Delphi technique with a scenario-building exercise. The findings suggest that the knowledge provided by stakeholders operating within the tourism system can benefit the planning and management of tourist destinations.
Downloads
References
AMER, M., DAIM, T.U. &JETTER, A. (2013): «A review of scenario planning», Futures, vol. 46, pp. 23-40.
ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA PORTUGUESA (ARP) (2013a): Lei n.º 33/2013 de 16 de maio. Diário da República, 1.a série - N.o 94 - 16 de maio de 2013.
ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA PORTUGUESA (ARP) (2013b): Lei n.º 75/2013 de 12 de setembro. Diário da República, 1.a série - N.o 176 - 12 de setembro de 2013.
BALLANTYNE, R., HUGHES, K. & BOND, N. (2016): «Using a Delphi approach to identify managers' preferences for visitor interpretation at Canterbury Cathedral World Heritage Site», Tourism Management, vol. 46, pp. 72-80.
BENCKENDORFF, P. (2007): «Envisioning sustainable tourism futures: An evaluation of the futures wheel method», Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 8 (1), pp. 25-36.
BERRY, T. (2006): «The predictive potential of the TALC model», in The tourism area life cycle. Vol. 2 Conceptual and theoretical issues. Clevedon, Channel View, pp. 254-279.
BOTTERILL, D. & PLATENKAMP, V. (2012): «Delphi method», in Key concepts in tourism research. London, Sage, pp. 56-59.
BRIEDENHANN, J. (2009): «Socio-cultural criteria for the evaluation of rural tourism projects - a Delphi consultation», Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 12 (4), pp. 379-396.
BRIEDENHANN, J. & BUTTS, S. (2006): «Application of the Delphi technique to rural tourism project evaluation», Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 9 (2), pp. 171-190.
BUTLER, R. (1980): «The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: implications for management resources»,Canadian Geographer, vol. 24 (1), pp. 5-12.
BUTLER, R.W. (2006): «The concept of a Tourist Area Cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources», in R. W. Butler (Ed.), The Tourism Area Life Cycle. Vol. 1, Applications and modifications. Clevedon, Channel View, pp. 3-12.
CALANTONE, R.J., DI BENEDETTO, C.A. & BOJANIC, D. (1987): «A comprehensive review of the tourism forecasting literature», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 26 (2), pp. 28-39.
CHARLTON, J.R.H. (2001): «Delphi technique», in The SAGEencyclopedia of social science research methods, vol. 1.London, SAGE, pp. 244-245.
CHEN, L., NG, E., HUANG, S.-C. & FANG, W.-T. (2017): «A self-evaluation system of quality planning for tourist attractions in Taiwan: An integrated AHP-Delphi Approach from career professionals», Sustainability, vol. 9, 1751, pp. 2-18.
COMUNIDADE INTERMUNICIPAL REGIÃO DE COIMBRA (CIMRC) (2014): Estratégia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Territorial da Região de Coimbra (2014-2020). Coimbra, Sociedade de Consultores Augusto Mateus & Associados.
COOKE, R.M. (1991): Experts in uncertainty. New York, Oxford University Press.
COOPER, C. (2008): «An introduction to tourism», in Tourism: Principles and practice, 4th Ed. Harlow, Pearson Education, pp. 2-25.
CUNLIFFE, S. (2002):«Forecasting risks in the tourism industry using the Delphi technique», Tourism, vol. 50 (1), pp. 31-41.
DACONTO, G. & SHERPA, L.N. (2010): «Applying scenario planning to park and tourism management in Sagarmatha National Park, Khumbu, Nepal», Mountain Research and Development, vol. 30 (2), pp. 103-112.
DAYÉ, C. (2016): «‘A fiction of long standing’: Techniques of prospection and the role of positivism in US Cold War social science, 1950-65», History of the Human Sciences, vol. 29 (4-5), pp. 35-58.
DELBECQ, A.L., VAN DE VEN, A.H. & GUSTAFSON, D.H. (1986): Group techniques for program planning: A guide to nominal group and Delphi processes. Middleton, Green Briar Press.
DONOHOE, H.M. & NEEDHAM, R.D. (2009): «Moving best practice forward: Delphi charac- teristics, advantages, potential problems, and solutions», International Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 11 (5), pp. 415-437.
EDGELL, D.L., SEELY, R.L. & IGLARSH, H.J. (1980): «Forecasts of international tourism to the USA», International Journal of Tourism Management, vol. 1 (2), pp. 109-113.
ENTIDADE REGIONAL TURISMO CENTRO DE PORTUGAL (ERTCP) (2019): Plano Regional de Desenvolvimento Turístico 2020-2030. Lisboa, Deloitte.
FEFER, J.P., STONE, S. D.-U., DAIGLE, J. & SILKA, L. (2016): «Using the Delphi technique to identify key elements for effective and sustainable visitor use planning frameworks», SAGE Open, vol. 6 (2), pp. 1-16.
FERNANDES, G.P. (2015):«Prospective methodologies to support tourism destinations management», in Innovation, management and education in tourism and hospitality: Applied research. Guarda, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, pp. 31-37.
FRECHTLING, D.C. (1996): Practical tourism forecasting. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann.
FRECHTLING, D.C. (2001): Forecasting tourism demand: Methods and strategies. Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann.
GANI, A.A. (2015): «Factors encouraging public participation in planning for tourism in protected area: A modified Delphi study», in Developments of the New Tourism Paradigm in the Asia Pacific Region, 21st Asia Pacific Tourism Association Annual Conference, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, May 14-17, pp. 4-8.
GARCÍA-MELÓN, M., GÓMEZ-NAVARRO, T. & ACUÑA-DUTRA, S. (2012):«A combined ANP-Delphi approach to evaluate sustainable tourism», Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol. 34, pp. 41-50.
GARROD, B. & FYALL, A. (2005): «Revisiting Delphi: The Delphi technique in tourism research», in Tourism research methods: Integrating theory with practice. Oxfordshire, Cabi, pp. 85-98.
GIDLEY, J.M. (2013): «Global knowledge futures: Articulating the emergence of a new meta-level field», Integral Review, vol. 9 (2), pp. 145-172.
GODET, M. (1993): Manual de prospectiva estratégica: Da antecipação à acção. Lisboa, Publicações Dom Quixote.
GODET, M. (1996): «Les fondements de la prospective. Le mariage de l’intuition et de la raison»,Cahier EspacesProspective et Tourisme, vol. 49, pp. 107-111.
GONÇALVES, A.R. (2003): A componente cultural do turismo urbano como oferta complementar ao produto “sol e praia”. Lisboa, Gabinete de Estudos e Prospectiva Económica e Instituto de Financiamento e Apoio ao Turismo.
GONÇALVES, A.R. (2006): «The Delphi technique applied to urban and cultural tourism research in the Algarve», Encontros Científicos, no 2, pp. 110-118.
GÖSSLING, S. & SCOTT, D. (2012): «Scenario planning for sustainable tourism: An introduction»,Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 20 (6), pp. 773-778.
GOUIRAND, P. (1996): «À quoi sert la prospective?», Cahier Espaces Prospective et Tourisme, vol. 49, pp. 112-115.
GREEN, H., HUNTER, C. & MOORE, B. (1989): «Assessing the environmental impact of tourism development: The use of the Delphi technique», International Journal of Environmental studies, vol. 35 (1), pp. 51-62.
GREEN, H., HUNTER, C. & MOORE, B. (1990): «Application of the Delphi technique in tourism», Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 17 (2), pp. 270-279.
GUNN, C.A. & VAR, T. (2002): Tourism planning: Basics, concepts, cases (2nd ed.). London, Routledge.
GUPTA, U.G. & CLARKE, R.E. (1996): «Theory and applications of the Delphi technique: A bibliography (1975-1994)», Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 53 (2), pp. 185-211.
GUTTENTAG, D.A. & SMITH S.L.J. (2016): «Delphi technique», in Encyclopedia of tourism. Cham, Springer, pp. 231-232.
JENNINGS, G. (2010): Tourism research. Milton, John Wiley & Sons.
KAHN, H. & WIENER, A.J. (1967): The year 2000: A framework for speculation on the next thirty-three years. New York, The Macmillan.
KARDARAS, D.K., KARAKOSTAS, B. & MAMAKOU, X.J. (2013):«Content presentation personalisation and media adaptation in tourism web sites using Fuzzy Delphi Method and Fuzzy Cognitive Maps», Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 40 (6), pp. 2.331-2.342.
KAUFMANN, P.R. (2016): «Integrating factor analysis and the Delphi method in scenario development: A case study of Dalmatia, Croatia», Applied Geography, vol. 71, pp. 56-68.
KAYNAK, E., BLOOM, J. & LEIBOLD, M. (1994): «Using the Delphi technique to predict future tourism potential», Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 12 (7), pp. 18-29.
KAYNAK, E. & CAVLEK, N. (2007): «Measurement of tourism market potential of Croatia by use of Delphi qualitative research technique», Journal of East-West Business, vol. 12 (4), pp. 105-123.
KAYNAK, E. & MACAULEY, J.A. (1984): «The Delphi technique in the measurement of tourism market potential: The case of Nova Scotia», Tourism Management, vol. 5 (2), pp. 87-101.
KAYNAK, E. & MARANDU, E.E. (2006): «Tourism market potential analysis in Botswana: A Delphi study», Journal of Travel Research, vol.45 (2), pp. 227-237.
KAYNAK, E. & ROJAS-MÉNDEZ, J.I. (2014): «Predicting tourism market potential of Chile by use of a qualitative forecasting technique», International Journal of Commerce and Management, vol. 24 (2), pp. 167-179.
KONU, H. (2015): «Developing nature-based tourism products with customers by utilising the Delphi method», Tourism Management Perspectives, vol. 14, pp. 42-54.
KUO, N.-W., HSIAO, T.-Y. & YU, Y.-H. (2005): «A Delphi-matrix approach to SEA and its application within the tourism sector in Taiwan», Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol. 25 (3), pp. 259-280.
LANDETA, J. (2006): «Current validity of the Delphi method in social sciences»,Technological Forecasting & Social Change, vol. 73, pp. 467-482.
LANDETA, J., MATEY, J., RUÍZ, V. & VILLARREAL, O. (2002): «Alimentación de modelos cuantitativos con información subjectiva: aplicación Delphi en la elaboración de un modelo de imputación del gasto turístico individual en Catalunya, Qüestiió, vol. 26 (1-2), pp. 175-196.
LEE, C.-F. & KING, B.E. (2008): «Using the Delphi method to assess the potential of Taiwan’s hot springs tourism sector»,International Journal of Tourism Research, no10(4), pp. 341-352.
LEE, C.-F. & KING, B.E. (2009): «A determination of destination competitiveness for Taiwan's hot springs tourism sector using the Delphi technique», Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 15 (3), pp. 243-257.
LENNON, J.J. & YEOMAN, I. (2007): «Drivers and scenarios of Scottish tourism—shaping the future to 2015», Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 32 (1), pp. 69-82.
LINSTONE, H.A. & TUROFF, M. (Eds.) (2002): The Delphi method: Techniques and applications. New Jersey, Department of Information Systems, New Jersey’s Science & Technology University. Retrieved fromhttp://is.njit.edu/pubs/delphibook/
LIN, V.S. & SONG H. (2015a): «Judgmental forecasting in tourism», in Contemporary tourism reviews, vol. 1.Oxford, Goodfellow Publishers, pp. 300-343.
LIN, V.S. & SONG H. (2015b): «A review of Delphi forecasting research in tourism»,Current Issues in Tourism, vol.18 (12), pp. 1.099-1.131.
LIU, J.C. (1988): «Hawaii tourism to the year 2000: A Delphi forecast», Tourism Management, vol.9 (4), pp. 279-290.
LOCKE, M. (2015):«Stakeholders' interests, power, and influence in the development of the Auckland MICE sector», in Developments of the New Tourism Paradigm in the Asia Pacific Region, 21st Asia Pacific Tourism Association Annual Conference, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, May 14-17, pp. 228-231.
MAI, T. & SMITH, C. (2018):«Scenario-based planning for tourism development using system dynamic modelling: A case study of Cat Ba Island, Vietnam», Tourism Management, vol. 68, pp. 336-354.
MARQUES, J. (2013): Turismo de Negócios. Convention & Visitors Bureau na Região Centro de Portugal. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.Retrieved fromhttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/24285
MARQUES, J. & SANTOS, N. (2016): «Developing business tourism beyond major urban centres: The perspectives of local stakeholders», Tourism and Hospitality Management, vol. 22 (1), pp. 1-15.
MASBERG, B., CHASE, D. & MADLEM, M. (2004): «A Delphi study of tourism training and education needs in Washington State», Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, vol.2 (2), pp. 1-22.
MCLENNAN, C-L, PHAM, T. D., RUHANEN, L., RITCHIE, B. W., MOYLE, B. (2012): «Counter-factual scenario planning for long-range sustainable local-level tourism transformation», Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 20 (6), pp. 801-822.
MILLER, G. (2001): «The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: Results of a Delphi survey of tourism researchers», Tourism Management, no22(4), pp. 351-362.
MOELLER, G.H. & SHAFER, E.L. (1983): The use and misuse of Delphi forecasting, in Recreation and planning management. London, E. & F. N. Spon, pp. 96-104.
MOELLER, G.H. & SHAFER, E.L. (1994): «The Delphi technique: A tool for long-range travel and tourism planning», in Travel, tourism, and hospitality research. A handbook for managers and researchers. Nova Iorque, Jonh Wiley & Sons, pp. 473-480.
MOREIRA, C.O. (2012): «A técnica Delphi aplicada à investigação em Turismo», in Patrimónios, territórios e turismo cultural: Recursos, estratégias e práticas, Coleção Iberografias, vol. 19.
Guarda, Centro de Estudos Ibéricos, Âncora Editora, pp. 419-440.Retrieved fromhttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/46623
MOREIRA, C.O. (2013):Turismo, território e desenvolvimento: Competitividade e gestão estratégica de destinos. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Retrieved fromhttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/24446
MOREIRA, C.O. (2018): «Portugal as a tourism destination: Paths and trends». Méditerranée, nº 130. https://journals.openedition.org/mediterranee/10402
MOREIRA, C., SANTOS, N., FIGUEIREDO, R. & SANTOS, T. (2017): «Turismo», in Plano Intermunicipal de Adaptação às Alterações Climáticas - Comunidade Intermunicipal Região de Coimbra. Coimbra, Comunidade Intermunicipal da Região de Coimbra, pp. 805-895. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cim-regiaodecoimbra.pt/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/PIAAC-CIM-RC-versão-web.pdf
MÜLLER, H. (1998): «Long-haul tourism 2005: Delphi study», Journal of Vacation Marketing, no4(2), pp. 193-201.
NORTHCOTE, J., LEE, D., CHOK, S. & WEGNER, A. (2008): «An email-based Delphi approach to tourism program evaluation: Involving stakeholders in research design», Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 11 (3), pp. 269-279.
NYAUPANE, G. & BUZINDE, C. (2017): «Scenario planning: A planning tool for an uncertain future. Tourism Travel and Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally. 1 Retrieved August 7, 2018. University of Massachusetts Amherst.Retrieved fromhttp://scholarworks.umass.edu/ttra/2017/Qual_Research_Papers/1
O’CONNOR, P. & FREW, A. (2000): «Evaluating electronic channels of distribution in the hotel sector: A Delphi study»,Information Technology and Tourism, vol. 3 (3/4), pp. 177-193.
OH, M., KIM, S. & LEE, A. (2013): «Development of an evaluation scale for inter-country tourism industry competitiveness using the Delphi technique and analytic hierarchy process», International Journal of Tourism Sciences, vol.13 (2), pp. 1-32.
PAGE, S.J., YEOMAN, I, CONNELL, J. & GREENWOOD,C.(2010): «Scenario planning as a tool to understand uncertainty in tourism: The example of transport and tourism in Scotland in 2025», Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 13 (2), pp. 99-137.
PAN, S. Q., VEGA, M., VELLA, A.J., ARCHER, B.H. & PARLETT, G.R. (1995): «A mini-Delphi approach: An improvement on single round techniques», Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 2, pp. 27-39.
PEREZ, A.S. (Dir.) (2001): Apuntes de metodología de la investigación en turismo. Madrid, Organización Mundial del Turismo.
PILLKAHN, U. (2008): Using trends and scenarios as tools for strategy development. Erlangen, Publicis Corporate Publishing.
PIZZITUTTIA, F., WALSHC, S.J., RINDFUSSD, R.R., GUNTERA, R., QUIROGAA, D., TIPPETTE, R. & MENAA, C.F. (2017): «Scenario planning for tourism management: A participatory and system dynamics model applied to the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador», Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 25 (8), pp. 1.117-1.137.
POSTMA, A. (2015): «Investigating scenario planning - a European tourism perspective», Journal of Tourism Futures, vol. 1 (1), pp. 46-52.
PRIDEAUX, B., LAWS, E. & FAULKNER, B. (2003): «Events in Indonesia: Exploring the limits to formal tourism trends forecasting methods in complex crisis situations», Tourism Management, vol. 24 (4), pp. 475-487.
RAMOS, A.R.C. DE C.V. (2001): «Termalismo/turismo termal - contextos, impactes e potencialidades», in Investigação em turismo, livro de atas, ciclo de debates 2001 Lisboa, Instituto de Financiamento e Apoio ao Turismo, pp. 295-309.
RAMOS, A.R.C. DE C.V. (2005): O termalismo em Portugal. Dos factores de obstrução à revitalização pela dimensão turística. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal. Retrieved fromhttp://biblioteca.sinbad.ua.pt/Teses/2007000223
ROBINSON, A.E. (1979): «Tourism and the next decade: A look to the future through ‘A Return to Delphi’», in Proceedings of Travel and Tourism Research Association Tenth Annual Conference. Travel and Tourism Research Association, Salt Lake City, Utah, pp. 269-282.
SANTOS, N., MOREIRA, C.O., FIGUEIREDO, R. & SILVEIRA, L. (2018): «Impactos dos incêndios florestais na atividade turística. Vulnerabilidade e resiliência nos territórios afetados pelos fogos de 2017 na Região Centro», in Turismo no Centro de Portugal: Potencialidades e tendências. Lisboa, Atual, pp. 105-135.
SEELY, R.L., IGLARSH, H. & EDGELL, D. (1980): «Utilising the Delphi technique at international conferences: A method for forecasting international tourism conditions», Travel Research Journal, no1, pp. 30-35.
SILVA, J.A., JAFARI, J. & SCOTT, N. (Eds.) (2010): «Introduction», in Tourism development and management. Challenges and opportunities for Algarve, Portugal. Faro, Universidade do Algarve, pp. 19-26.
SILVEIRA, L. (2016): O turismo de iates: Estratégia de desenvolvimento para a Figueira da Foz. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Retrieved fromhttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/31172
SMITH, S. (2013): Tourism analysis: A handbook 2nd edition. Oxon, Routledge.
SOLNET, D.J., BAUM, T., KRALJ, A., ROBINSON, R.N.S., RITCHIE, B.W. & OLSEN, M. (2014): «The Asia-Pacific tourism workforce of the future: Using Delphi techniques to identify possible scenarios», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 53 (6), pp. 693-704.
SPENCELEY, A. (2008): «Requirements for sustainable nature-based tourism in transfrontier conservation areas: A Southern African Delphi consultation», Tourism Geographies, vol.10 (3), pp. 285-311.
SZPILKO, D. (2014): «The use of Delphi method in the process of building a tourism development strategy in the region», Economics and Management, vol. 4, pp. 329-346.
TAYLOR, R.E. & JUDD, L.L. (1989): «Delphi method applied to tourism», in Tourism marketing and management handbook. New York, Prentice Hall, pp. 95-98.
UYSAL, M. & CROMPTON, J.L. (1985): «An overview of approaches used to forecast tourism demand», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 23 (4), pp. 7-15.
VAN DOORN, J. (1982): «Can futures research contribute to tourism policy?»,Tourism Management, vol. 3 (3), pp. 149-166.
VAN DOORN, J. (1986):«Scenario writing: A method for long-term tourism forecasting?»,Tourism Management, vol.7 (1), pp. 33-49.
VAN GINNEKEN, R. (2011):«Expert attitudes to management contracts in the Dutch hotel industry: a Delphi approach», Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 18(1), pp. 140-146.
VAR, T. (1984): «Delphi and GSV techniques in tourism forecasting and policy design», Problems of Tourism, vol. 3, pp. 41-52.
VEAL, A.J. (2018): Research methods for leisure and tourism: A practical guide (5th ed.). Harlow, Prentice Hall.
VON BERGNER, N.M. & LOHMANN, M. (2014): «Future challenges for global tourism: A Delphi survey», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 53 (4), pp. 420-432.
WALL, G. (2009): «Tourism and development: Towards sustainable outcomes», in Cultural tourism and sustainable local development. Aldershot, Ashgate, pp. 31-46.
WESTON, R. & DAVIES, N. (2007): «The future of transport and tourism: A Delphi approach», Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, vol. 4 (2), pp. 121-133.
WITT, S.F., MOUTINHO, L., HUARNG, K.-H. & YU, C.A. (2018): Demand modeling and fuzzi time series forecasting, in Strategic management in tourism 3rd edition.Oxfordshire, Cabi, pp. 45-72.
WITT, S.F. & WITT, C.A. (1995): «Forecasting tourism demand: A review of empirical research», International Journal of Forecasting, vol. 11 (3), pp. 447-475.
WRIGHT, G., CAIRNS, G.M. & BRADFIELD, R. (2013):«Scenario methodology: New developments in theory and practice: Introduction to the Special Issue», Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 80 (4), pp. 561-565.
WU, K., YU, G. & ZENG, T. (2011): «Establishment of teaching quality indexes system in tourism management undergraduate education by Delphi analysis»,2ndInternational Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS), Beijing, China (2011.08.8-2011.08.10) pp. 301-304. Retrieved fromhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6015681
YEOMAN, I. (2008): Tomorrow’s tourist. London, Routledge.
YEOMAN, I. & LEDERER, P. (2005): «Scottish tourism: Scenarios and vision»,Journal of Vacation Marketing, vol. 11 (1), pp. 71-87.
YONG, Y.W., KENG, K.A. & LENG, T.L. (1989): «A Delphi forecast for the Singapore tourism industry: Future scenario and marketing implications», International Marketing Review, vol. 6 (3), pp. 35-46.
ZHANG, J. (2017): «Evaluating regional low-carbon tourism strategies using the fuzzy Delphi-analytic network process approach», Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 141, pp. 409-419.
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.