Agressão e perfis de personalidade dos atletas em esportes coletivos e individuais: uma análise comparativa
Resumo
Características psicológicas, como agressão e personalidade, são fundamentais para o desempenho e o comportamento esportivo; contudo, há evidências empíricas limitadas que comparem esses traços entre atletas de esportes coletivos e individuais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo examinar comparativamente as diferenças na agressão e em determinados traços de personalidade entre atletas praticantes de esportes coletivos (handebol e futebol) e esportes individuais (ginástica e natação), bem como avaliar a associação entre o tipo de esporte e as características psicológicas. Participaram do estudo 200 atletas (112 homens e 88 mulheres), com idades entre 20 e 25 anos, com representação igualitária de esportes coletivos e individuais (n = 100 em cada grupo). A agressão foi avaliada por meio do Inventário de Agressão no Esporte, e os traços de personalidade foram medidos pelo Teste Específico de Personalidade Esportiva. Os dados foram coletados em condições padronizadas, e testes t para amostras independentes foram utilizados para comparar as variáveis psicológicas entre os tipos de esporte. Os atletas de esportes coletivos apresentaram pontuações significativamente mais elevadas em sociabilidade (t(198) = 2,56, p = ,011), extroversão (t(198) = 3,17, p = ,002), convencionalismo (t(198) = 2,40, p = ,017) e agressão (t(198) = 5,83, p < ,001) do que os atletas de esportes individuais. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em dominância (p = ,161), autoconceito (p = ,211), resistência mental (p = ,130) ou estabilidade emocional (p = ,212). Os resultados indicam que atletas de esportes coletivos e individuais diferem em determinadas características psicológicas, particularmente em sociabilidade, extroversão, convencionalismo e agressão. Essas associações devem ser interpretadas no contexto mais amplo dos ambientes de treinamento e competição dos atletas, em vez de serem atribuídas exclusivamente ao tipo de esporte.
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