Funcionamento cognitivo em desportos individuais vs. desportos
Agências Suporte
- No se contó con apoyo
Resumo
O sucesso desportivo depende de uma multiplicidade de fatores, nomeadamente físicos, técnicos, táticos e cognitivos. Neste último domínio, as capacidades cognitivas do atleta, como a atenção, o processamento, a análise e a utilização das informações do seu ambiente, são fundamentais para a resolução de problemas. Cada modalidade desportiva apresenta exigências cognitivas específicas, que podem ser organizadas em duas categorias: disciplinas individuais e coletivas. A literatura tem demonstrado que existem diferenças no funcionamento executivo entre atletas de diferentes desportos. No entanto, tais diferenças são habitualmente caraterizadas através de outras classificações. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em comparar o desempenho em funções executivas entre atletas de desportos coletivos e atletas de desportos individuais. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 50 atletas com 14 anos de idade, provenientes de diversas disciplinas, aos quais foram aplicados três testes pertencentes ao BANFE-2. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos. Os atletas coletivos obtiveram pontuações superiores em flexibilidade cognitiva (t=3.40; p < 0.001; d= 0.96).. Em contraste, os atletas de desportos individuais demonstraram uma superior capacidade de tomada de decisões em comparação com os de desportos coletivos (t= -2.64; p<0.01; d= -0.74),. Não obstante, não foram identificadas discrepâncias estatisticamente significativas no controlo inibitório entre os dois grupos. Os resultados sugerem uma associação entre o tipo de prática desportiva e perfis específicos de FE, nos quais os desportos coletivos promovem a adaptabilidade cognitiva em ambientes dinâmicos, enquanto os desportos individuais potenciam processos de avaliação precisa e autocontrolo. Esses resultados fornecem evidências do contexto latino-americano sobre a relação entre modalidade esportiva e desenvolvimento cognitivo.
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