Desvendando a associação entre gestão do stress e maturidade emocional: uma exploração holística entre atletas empregadas e desempregadas
Resumo
Os desportos profissionais são altamente competitivos, o que muitas vezes chama a atenção para a destreza física dos atletas. O sucesso e o bem-estar dos atletas são determinados por uma intrincada rede de desafios mentais e emocionais, especialmente a gestão do stress e a maturidade emocional. As atletas enfrentam uma variedade de exigências para além dos campos, incluindo treinos rigorosos, competição intensa e os altos e baixos das suas carreiras. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre a gestão do stress e a maturidade emocional entre atletas empregadas e desempregadas. Determinar a influência da maturidade emocional e da gestão do stress. Os participantes incluíram 146 desportistas (70 desempregadas e 76 empregadas) de todo o estado de Kerala. A gestão do stress e a maturidade emocional foram avaliadas através de questionários padrão. Os resultados mostraram que a maturidade emocional foi significativamente deferida nas atletas empregadas e desempregadas (p = .003, d = 0.50). No entanto, não houve diferença na gestão do stress entre as atletas empregadas e desempregadas (p = .283, d = 0.18). Da análise de correlação, a maturidade emocional mostrou uma associação negativa significativa com a gestão do stress em atletas femininas totais (r = -. 374, p < .01), atletas femininas desempregadas (r = -. 241, p < .05) e atletas femininas empregadas (r = -. 450, p < .01). A regressão e a maturidade emocional tiveram um efeito negativo mínimo na gestão do stress (β = -. 374) com uma previsão de 13,4% no total de atletas femininas. E a maturidade emocional teve um efeito negativo mínimo na gestão do stress (β = -. 241) com uma percentagem de previsão de 4,5 em atletas desempregadas. Por fim, a maturidade emocional teve um efeito negativo mínimo na gestão do stress (β = -. 450), com uma previsão de 19% nas atletas empregadas. Conclui-se que, embora a maturidade emocional ajude as desportistas empregadas a controlar o stress, tem uma influência limitada nas desportistas desempregadas. A ligação mostra uma forte relação negativa entre a maturidade emocional e a gestão do stress dos desportistas em geral e também das desportistas empregadas. No entanto, esta associação é observada entre atletas desempregadas com um efeito negativo fraco.
Downloads
-
Resumo461
-
(17-32) Unravelling the a...123
Referências
Abedi, B. (2010). A Comparative Study of Stress Level among Athletes and Non-athletes. Developmental Psychology: Journal of Iranian Psychologists, 261–268. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-21625-007
Amirkhan, J., & Auyeung, B. (2007). Coping with stress across the lifespan: Absolute vs. relative changes in strategy. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(4), 298–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2007.04.002
Anguera, M. T., Blanco-Villaseñor, A., Losada, J. L., Sánchez-Algarra, P., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2018). Revisiting the difference between mixed methods and multimethods: Is it all in the name? Quality and Quantity, 52(6), 2757–2770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0700-2
Archana, V., & Sudhakaran, B. (2020). Influence of emotional maturity on emotional regulation and perceived stress among corporate workers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(1), 822–828. https://doi.org/10.25215/0801.103
Ato, M., López, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). A classification system for research designs in psychology. Anales de Psicologia, 29(3), 1038–1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Bali, A. (2015). Psychological Factors Affecting Sports Performance. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 29(2), 92–95. https://www.kheljournal.com/archives/2015/vol1issue6/PartB/1-5-77.pdf
Barker, J. B., Neil, R., & Fletcher, D. (2016). Using Sport and Performance Psychology in the Management of Change. Journal of Change Management, 16(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2016.1137149
Bayram, N., & Bilgel, N. (2008). The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(8), 667–672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x
Bhadauriya, B., & Tripathi, R. (2018). Stress Management Technique For Athletes During Sports: A Critical Review. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(5-s), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1956
Bharadwaj, K. D. (2020). Stress Management : A Comparative Study of Working and Non-Working Women. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research, 9(3), 47–51. https://ijepr.org/paper.php?id=578
Boroujeni, S. T., Mirheydari, S. B. G., Kaviri, Z., & Shahhosseini, S. (2012). The Survey of Relationship and Comparison: Emotional Intelligence, Competitive Anxiety and Mental Toughness Female Super League Basketball Players. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46(2012), 1440–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.317
Boyd Jr, N. R., & Huffman, W. J. (1984). The relationship between emotional maturity and drinking-and-driving involvement among young adults. Journal of Safety Research, 15(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4375(84)90025-2
Braga-Pereira, R., Furtado, G., Sampaio, A., & Teques, P. (2025). Intrinsic Motivation and Enjoyment as Key-factors in the Link with the Perceived Quality of Fitness Coach Behaviour: Enhancing Exercise Adherence. Cuadernos de Psicología Del Deporte, 25(2), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.607051
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences (Second Edi). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
Conti, C., di Fronso, S., Pivetti, M., Robazza, C., Podlog, L., & Bertollo, M. (2019). Well-come back! Professional basketball players perceptions of psychosocial and behavioral factors influencing a return to pre-injury levels. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00222
Dhillon, K. S. (2013). Emotional Maturity in Female Sports Persons. Indian Journal of Research, 2(8), 218–219. https://www.worldwidejournals.com/paripex/recent_issues_pdf/2013/August/emotional-maturity-in-female-sports-persons_August_2013_5749301016_4107232.pdf
Di Fronso, S., Robazza, C., Bondár, R. Z., & Bertollo, M. (2022). The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Strategies on Perceived Stress and Psychobiosocial States in Athletes and Recreationally Active People. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127152
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
Harriss, D. J., Macsween, A., & Atkinson, G. (2017). Standards for Ethics in Sport and Exercise Science Research: 2018 Update. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(14), 1126–1131. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-124001
Harshad, & Ghosh, S. (2022). To Determine the Stress Management Skills of Young adults. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 9(1), 185–191. https://www.jetir.org/view?paper=JETIR2201531
Heydari, R., Keshtidar, M., Azimzadeh, S. M., Telebpour, M., & Ramkissoon, H. (2021). Identifying and leveling the effective factors on the development of heritage sports tourism based on Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach ( ISM ). Sport Sciences and Health Research, 13(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.22059/SSHR.2021.86141.
Jobson, M. C. (2020). Emotional Maturity among adolescents and its importance. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 7(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.30877/ijmh.7.1.2020.35-41
Jose, S. A., & Swamy, I. C. (2022). Emotional Maturity Among Adolescents. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 10(1), 1497–1504. https://ijip.co.in/index.php/ijip/article/view/571
Kashi, A. (2015). The effect of Sport on social and emotional maturity of female university students. Motor Behavior, 7(20), 15–34. https://mbj.ssrc.ac.ir/article_466_en.html?lang=en
Kaur, N. (2018). Stress management in sports. International Journal of Science and Research, 7(12), 116–121. https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v7i12/ART20193878.pdf
Kaur, N., Malik, R., Malik, N., & Pinki. (2019). Gender differential among university netball players on emotional maturity: A cross sectional survey. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 4(1), 1401–1404. https://doi.org/10.22271/journalofsport.2019.v4.i1ad.2489
Kemarat, S., Theanthong, A., Yeemin, W., & Suwankan, S. (2022). Personality characteristics and competitive anxiety in individual and team athletes. PLOS ONE, 17(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262486
Kiranben Vaghela. (2014). Emotional Maturity of Working and Non-Working Women. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.25215/0201.003
KiranSaimons, S., Dutta, A. N., & Dey, S. (2016). Effect of Emotional Maturity on Self- Concept of Adolescents – a Study. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(12), 2215–2222. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/2638
Kshirsagar, S. S., & Jaiswal, A. R. (2019). Emotional maturity among sports and non-sports college students. Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, 7(4), 646–648. https://www.proquest.com/openview/f9b90031fd18929692997527ca07ac23/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=5347679
Kumar, C. A., & Kayalvizhi, R. (2022). Relationship Between Examination Stress and Emotional Maturity of Student Teachers. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 3(12), 21–27. https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V3ISSUE12/IJRPR8505.pdf
Langlie, J. K. (2016). Social Networks , Health Beliefs , and Preventive Health Behavior Author. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 18(3), 244–260. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2136352
Lu, Y., & Li, W. (2023). Psychological Factors in Training of Basketball Players to Improve Their Shooting Accuracy. Mobile Information Systems, 2023, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9802407
Madazimova, K., & Mambetalina, A. (2024). Subjective well-being and emotion regulation of employees: the inhibitory role of stress factors. Current Psychology, 27437–27446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06389-4
Manlunas, I. V, Carredo, B. V, Daan, E. A. C., Enriquez, J. B., Fernan, M. J., Tayurang, E. J. P., & Gagani, F. S. (2021). Investigating students’ emotional stability as a predictor of stress management while engaging in flexible online learning during COVID-19. International Journal Papier Public Review, 2(2), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.47667/ijppr.v2i2.89
Meng, Q. (2022). Psychological Analysis of Athletes during Basketball Games from the Perspective of Deep Learning. Mobile Information Systems, 2022, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4319437
Merkel, D. L. (2013). Youth sport: positive and negative impact on young athletes. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 4, 151–160. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S33556
Mohammad, H. A. (2021). Emotional maturity and its relationship to the performance of some offensive skills in basketball for first-stage students. Karbala Journal of Physical Education Sciences, 6(4), 38–47. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/search?query=au:%22Hayder Ali Mohammad%22
Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., & Perry, J. L. (2015). Emotional maturity, dispositional coping, and coping effectiveness among adolescent athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 17, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.004
Nixon, P., Murray, R., & Bryant, C. (1979). Stress response curve. https://explorable.com/how-does-stress-affect-performance
Raj, J. M. (2017). A Study on Relationship Between Emotional maturity, Stress and Self-confidence among Management Students. Asia Pacific Journal of Research ISSN, 1(L6), 2347–4793. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321096586%0D
Rathee, N. K., & Salh, M. S. (2010). Exploring cognitive style and emotional maturity among indian handball players peerforming at varying level. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education, 1(1), 26–33. https://connectjournals.com/pages/articledetails/toc008024
Saldanha, P. J., Castelino, P. S., & Poulose, M. (2021). Relationship between Emotional Maturity and Perceived Stress Regarding Life among Nursing Students: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 15(22), LC16–LC19. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2021/50938.15642
Santi, G., Quartiroli, A., Costa, S., di Fronso, S., Montesano, C., Di Gruttola, F., Ciofi, E. G., Morgilli, L., & Bertollo, M. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Coaches’ Perception of Stress and Emotion Regulation Strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(January), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601743
Shah, S., & Mistry, N. (2020). The effect of relationship status on emotional maturity and stress. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(1), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.25215/0801.044
Shao, Z., Bezmylov, M. M., & Shynkaruk, O. A. (2023). Individual characteristics of physical and mental development and their connection with regular physical exercises when playing basketball. Current Psychology, 42, 25996–26005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03692-w
Shearman, E., Czech, D. R., Burdette, T., McDaniel, T., Joyner, B., & Zwald, D. (2011). A Comparison of Optimism Levels and Life Stress Levels among NCAA Division I Athletes and Non Athletes. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 4(1), 190–206. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/jiia/vol4/iss1/11/
Singh, D. (2015). Mental Toughness and Emotional Maturity in Basketball Performance: Identifying Performance Indicators. Education and Linguistics Research, 1(2), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.5296/elr.v1i2.8130
Singh, Y., & Bhargava, M. (1990). Manual for emotional maturity scale. Agra: National Psychological Corporation, 2(4), 16–18. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Manual+for+emotional+maturity+scale&author=Y.+Singh&author=M.+Bhargava&publication_year=1990&journal=Agra%3A+National+Psychological+Corporation&pages=16-18.
Singh, M., & Singh, J. (2014). Emotional Maturity among Medalist and Non-Medalist Football Players : A Comparison. Research Journal of Physical Education Sciences, 2(5), 1–4. https://www.isca.me/PHY_EDU_SCI/Archive/v2/i5/1.ISCA-RJPES-2014-019.php
Sohrabi, R., Garajeh, P. A., & Mohammadi, A. (2011). Comparative study of Emotional Intelligence of athlete and non-athlete female students of Tabriz Islamic Azad University. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30(2011), 1846–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.357
Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Sinha, R. (2014). The effects of stress on physical activity and exercise. Sports Medicine, 44(1), 81–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0090-5
Tamvada, J. P., Shrivastava, M., & Mishra, T. K. (2022). Education, social identity and self-employment over time: evidence from a developing country. Small Business Economics, 59(4), 1449–1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00583-5
Tasaddoghi, Z. (2013). The Styles of Coping with Stress in Team and Individual Athletes Based On Gender and Championship Level. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 1(1), 23–27. http://aassjournal.com/article-1-29-en.html
Tyebkhan, G. (2003). Declaration of Helsinki: The ethical cornerstone of human clinical research. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, 69, 245. https://ijdvl.com/issue/2003-69-3/
Valsaraj, K. M. (2011). Comparative Study on Sports Stress between University Level Female Basketball and Volleyball Players. International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 2(1), 1–3. https://ignited.in/ijopess/article/view/2928
Vidic, Z., Martin, M. S., & Oxhandler, R. (2017). Mindfulness intervention with a U.S. Women’s NCAA division i basketball team: Impact on stress, athletic coping skills and perceptions of intervention. The Sport Psychologist, 31(2), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0077
Volgemute, K., Vazne, Z., & Malinauskas, R. (2025). The benefits of guided imagery on athletic performance: a mixed-methods approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(April), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1500194
Walton, C. C., Purcell, R., Henderson, J. L., Kim, J., Kerr, G., Frost, J., Gwyther, K., Pilkington, V., Rice, S., & Tamminen, K. A. (2024). Mental Health Among Elite Youth Athletes: A Narrative Overview to Advance Research and Practice. Sports Health, 20(10), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381231219230
World Medical Association. (2000). Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Jama, 284, 3043–3045. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.23.3043
Yusoff, M. S. B., Rahim, A. F. A., Mat Pa, M. N., Mey, S. C., Ja’afar, R., & Esa, A. R. (2011). The validity and reliability of USM emotional quotient inventory (USMEQ-i): Its use to measure emotional quotient (EQ) of future medical students. International Medical Journal, 18(4), 293–299. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/216023890
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.
