Karate Shotokan: a importância do espaço e do timing para o desempenho de alto nivel
Resumo
Este estudo investigou indicadores de desempenho técnico-tático que distinguem atletas de alto nível do Shotokan Karate. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal que analisou táticas de combate a partir de variáveis relacionadas ao tempo, frequência, concatenação, localização, tipo e efetividade das técnicas. Participaram 34 atletas do sexo masculino, faixas-pretas (1º Dan ou superior), que competiram no XXI Campeonato Brasileiro da Japan Karate Association (JKA). As filmagens das lutas foram analisadas por um único observador treinado, com confiabilidade confirmada. Os resultados mostraram tendências semelhantes entre finalistas e não finalistas quanto à frequência, composição das sequências e efetividade das técnicas. Diferenças significativas surgiram no tempo, com mais atacantes entre os finalistas (p < 0.05; V de Cramer = 0.39), indicando vantagem ao limitar proativamente o tempo do oponente. Técnicas eficazes ocorreram principalmente nas áreas centrais e periféricas para finalistas e não finalistas, respectivamente. Conclui-se que dominar espaço e tempo favorece o desempenho, sustentando treinamentos que integrem maestria técnica e contexto tático.
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