Los efectos de la edad relativa son dominantes en los niveles menos competitivos del deporte escolar? Una investigación de estudiantes-deportistas de Minas Gerais

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.512511
Palabras clave: Deportes de Equipo, Desarrollo de talento, Selección de talentos

Resumen

Este estudio investigaba el Efecto de la Edad Relativa (EEA) en atletas escolares, según categorías y género. Han sido analizados 1356 jugadores masculinos y 1044 femeninas (de 9 a 17 años) que participaron en competencias escolares en Minas Gerais-Brasil en 2018 y/o 2019 en las categorías Sub-11, Sub-14 y/o Sub-17. Los jugadores fueron divididos en cuartos, de acuerdo con el mes de nacimiento: Q1 (enero-marzo), Q2 (abril-junio), Q3 (julio-septiembre) y Q4 (octubre-diciembre). Se realizaron pruebas de chi-cuadrado para verificar la presencia de EEA. El nivel de significación fue 5%. La distribución observada difirió de la esperada cuando todos los jugadores fueron analizados juntos (p = 0.019; = 0.06), y en los hombres, cuando los jugadores fueron analizados por género (p = 0.017; = 0.09). En ambos casos se encontró una mayor proporción de jugadores nacidos en los primeros meses del año (p < 0.008). Los resultados indicaron una distribución desigual de nacimientos en la categoría Sub-11 (p < 0.001; = 0.25), en la que deportistas nacidos en Q1 y Q2 fueron más frecuentes (p < 0.001). Cuando se analizaron juntos categoría y género, se observó que atletas nacidos en Q1 fueron más frecuentes que los deportistas nacidos en Q3 (p < 0.002) y Q4 (p < 0.001) en la Sub-11, independientemente del género (p < 0.002), pero no en las categorías Sub-14 y Sub-17. Teniendo en cuenta que el deporte escolar puede ser el primer paso para alcanzar mayores niveles competitivos, es importante instruir a los entrenadores sobre el EEA, con el fin de reducir las desigualdades en el acceso al deporte escolar.

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Publicado
24-04-2023
Cómo citar
Savassi Figueiredo, L. ., de Castro Ribeiro, lucas, Farias Barbosa, T. ., Gilo da Silva, D. ., & Souza Fonseca, F. (2023). Los efectos de la edad relativa son dominantes en los niveles menos competitivos del deporte escolar? Una investigación de estudiantes-deportistas de Minas Gerais. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 23(2), 260–272. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.512511
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Ciencias del Deporte