Atividade física, natureza e bem-estar mental: uma revisão sistemática
Resumo
Os resultados da última revisão sistemática publicada há dez anos sugerem um aumento do bem-estar emocional associado ao exercício na natureza em comparação com espaços internos. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática atual é atualizar a pesquisa desde 2011 e analisar seu impacto no desenvolvimento do bem-estar mental. Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada nas seguintes bases: PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library e PEDro com as palavras-chave: "exercício físico", "exercício verde", "ao ar livre", "bem-estar", "qualidade de vida", "benefícios emocionais "," Efeitos psicológicos "e" ensaio clínico randomizado ". Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos experimentais comparando os dois cenários, na população adulta, publicados entre janeiro de 2011 e junho de 2020 e em inglês ou espanhol. Foram excluídos os desenhos não experimentais. Dois pesquisadores selecionou os artigos de forma independente e extraiu os dados usando um protocolo previamente elaborado, incluindo a escala PEDro para analisar a qualidade do estudo. Foram identificados oito estudos com 9 unidades de análise (320 participantes). Foi identificada uma alta variabilidade nas intervenções (caminhada, corrida, ciclismo, treinamento de força muscular e dança) e as medidas analisadas. O exercício em ambientes naturais foi associado ao aumento de emoções positivas e afeto positivo, diminuição reações fisiológicas relacionadas ao afeto e ao estresse, maior atenção, energia, satisfação e compromisso futuro e intenção de praticar exercícios. Os resultados sugerem que exercícios na natureza podem ter efeitos mais positivos no bem-estar do que atividades semelhantes em um ambiente interno.
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