Percepções dos moradores sobre o turismo esportivo: impactos, qualidade de vida e apoio ao setor
Resumo
O sector do turismo desportivo está a receber cada vez mais atenção por parte de diferentes actores sociais, tendo um elevado impacto em diferentes esferas da sociedade. O turismo não afecta apenas as atitudes dos residentes em relação ao seu desenvolvimento, mas também a sua qualidade de vida em geral. Uma vez que uma comunidade ou população se torna um destino turístico, a qualidade de vida dos residentes locais é afectada pelo seu desenvolvimento. Por conseguinte, é importante conhecer a percepção que os residentes têm do impacto do turismo desportivo. Portanto, o objectivo deste estudo é analisar as percepções dos residentes da Gran Canária sobre os efeitos do turismo desportivo, em áreas como o seu impacto, qualidade de vida e apoio ao sector. Os resultados do estudo indicam que, em níveis mais elevados de percepção positiva dos residentes sobre os impactos sociais, culturais, ambientais e econômicos, há maior apoio para o desenvolvimento do turismo. Por outro lado, existe também um efeito mediador significativo da variável qualidade de vida dos residentes, entre a relação de impactos percebidos e o apoio ao desenvolvimento do turismo ativo e desportivo na Gran Canária. Estes resultados permitem compreender melhor a perspectiva que os residentes têm em relação ao sector do turismo desportivo, algo que pode ajudar a orientar futuras decisões sobre a prática, desenvolvimento e planeamento do turismo desportivo.
Downloads
Referências
Almeida-García, F., Balbuena-Vázquez, A., y Cortes-Macías, R. (2015). Resident's attitudes towards the impacts of tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 13, 33-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.11.002
Andereck, K. L., y Nyaupane, G. P. (2011). Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents. Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 248-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510362918
Andereck, K. L., y Vogt, C. A. (2000). The relationship between residents’ attitudes toward tourism and tourism development options. Journal of Travel research, 39(1), 27-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003900104
Andereck, K. L., Valentine, K. M., Knopf, R. C., y Vogt, C. A. (2005). Residents’ perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of tourism research, 32(4), 1056-1076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.03.001
Añó, V. (2011). La Organización de Eventos y Competiciones Deportivas. Valencia: Universidad de Valencia.
Ap, J., y Crompton, J. L. (1998). Developing and testing a tourism impact scale. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 120-130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700203
Baron, R. M., y Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Bartolomé, A., Ramos, V., y Rey-Maquieira, J. (2009). Residents' Attitudes Towards Diversification Sports Tourism in the Balearics. Tourism Recreation Research, 34(1), 55-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2009.11081575
Brida, J. G., Del Chiappa, G., Meleddu, M., y Pulina, M. (2014). A comparison of residents' perceptions in two cruise ports in the Mediterranean Sea. International Journal of Tourism Research, 16(2), 180-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1915
Colmenares, L. (2008). La actitud de los residentes: factor clave en el desarrollo de un nuevo destino. Revista Scientia Unellezea, 3(1), 43-79.
Cooper, C. (1995). Strategic planning for sustainable tourism: the case of the offshore islands of the UK. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 3(4), 191-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589509510726
Chandralal, K. (2010). Impacts of tourism and community attitudes towards tourism: A case study in Sri Lanka. South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage, 3(2), 41–49.
Chen, S. C., y Raab, C. (2009). Measuring resident reactions to community tourism development: A pilot study of a new conceptual framework. Proceedings of the Hospitality and Tourism Management International CHRIE Conference, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Recuperado en: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1202&context=refereed
Fernández-Muñoz, J. J., y García-González, J. M. (2017). El análisis de mediación a través de la macro/interfaz Process para SPSS. REIRE Revista d’Innovació i Recerca en Educació, 10 (2), 79-88. Doi: http://doi.org/10.1344/reire2017.10.218109
Fredline, E. (2005). Host and guest relations and sport tourism. Sport in Society, 8(2), 263-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430500087328
Fredline, E., Raybould, M., Jago, L., y Deery, M. (2005). Triple bottom line event evaluation: A proposed framework for jolistic event evaluation. En: J. Allen (Ed.), presented at the Event management research conference, Sydney. University of Technology, Sydney.
Gibson, H. (2017). Sport tourism and theory and other developments: some reflections. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 21(2), 153-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2017.1319514
González-García, R. J., Añó-Sanz, V., Parra-Camacho, D., y Calabuig-Moreno, F. (2018). Perception of residents about the impact of sports tourism on the community: Analysis and scale-validation. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(1), 149-156. DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2018.01019
González-García, R. J., Parra, D., Añó, V. y Calabuig, F. (2016). Percepción de los residentes sobre el impacto del Mundobasket 2014 en Gran Canaria y apoyo a la celebración de eventos deportivos. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 11(2), 279-288.
Gursoy, D., Chi, C. G., y Dyer, P. (2010). Locals’ attitudes toward mass and alternative tourism: The case of Sunshine Coast, Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 381-394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509346853
Gursoy, D., Yolal, M., Ribeiro, M. A., y Panosso Netto, A. (2017). Impact of trust on local residents’ mega-event perceptions and their support. Journal of Travel Research, 56(3), 393-406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516643415
Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. y Black, W.C. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Hao, H., Long, P., y Kleckley, J. (2011). Factors predicting homeowners’ attitudes toward tourism: A case of a coastal resort community. Journal of Travel research, 50(6), 627-640. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510385463
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Hritz, N., y Ross, C. (2010). The perceived impacts of sport tourism: An urban host community perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 24(2), 119-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.24.2.119
Huh, C., y Vogt, C. A. (2008). Changes in residents' attitudes toward tourism over time: A cohort analytical approach. Journal of Travel Research, 46(4), 446-455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507308327
Kaplanidou, K. (2012). The importance of legacy outcomes for Olympic Games four summer host cities residents' quality of life: 1996–2008. European Sport Management Quarterly, 12(4), 397-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2012.693118
Kaplanidou, K., Karadakis, K., Gibson, H., Thapa, B., Walker, M., Geldenhuys, S., y Coetzee, W. (2013). Quality of life, event impacts, and mega-event support among South African residents before and after the 2010 FIFA world cup. Journal of Travel Research, 52(5), 631-645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513478501
Kerstetter, D. L., y Bricker, K. S. (2012). Relationship between carrying capacity of small island tourism destinations and quality-of-life. En Handbook of tourism and quality-of-life research (pp. 445-462). Springer, Dordrecht.
Kim, K. (2002). The effects of tourism impacts upon quality of life of residents in the community (Tesis doctoral). Virginia Tech. Virginia.
Kim, K., Uysal, M., y Sirgy, M. J. (2013). How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents?. Tourism Management, 36, 527-540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.005
Ko, D. W., y Stewart, W. P. (2002). A structural equation model of residents’ attitudes for tourism development. Tourism Management, 23(5), 521-530. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00006-7
Kreag, D. (2001). The Impacts of Tourism. Minnesota: Sea Grant Program.
Krippendorf, J. (1987). Ecological approach to tourism marketing. Tourism Management, 8(2), 174-176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(87)90029-X
Látková, P., y Vogt, C. A. (2012). Residents’ attitudes toward existing and future tourism development in rural communities. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 50-67. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510394193
Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.03.007
Liburd, J. J., Benckendorff, P., y Carlsen, J. (2012). Tourism and Quality-of-Life: How Does Tourism Measure Up?. En Handbook of Tourism and Quality-of-Life Research (pp. 105-132). Springer, Dordrecht.
Ma, S. C., y Kaplanidou, K. (2017). Legacy perceptions among host Tour de Taiwan residents: the mediating effect of quality of life. Leisure Studies, 36(3), 423-437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2015.1128475
Moscardo, G. (2012). Building social capital to enhance the Quality-of-life of destination residents. In Handbook of tourism and quality-of-life research (pp. 403-421). Springer, Dordrecht.
Müller, M. (2012). Popular perception of urban transformation through megaevents: understanding support for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 30(4), 693-711. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/c11185r
Nunkoo, R., y Gursoy, D. (2012). Residents’ support for tourism: An identity perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 243-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.05.006
Nunkoo, R., y Smith S. L. (2013). Political Economy of Tourism: Trust in Government Actors, Political Support, and Their Determinants. Tourism Management, 36, 120–132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.11.018
Nunkoo, R., y So, K. K. F. (2016). Residents’ support for tourism: Testing alternative structural models. Journal of Travel Research, 55(7), 847-861. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515592972
Parra, D., Añó, V., Calabuig, F., y Ayora, D. (2016). Percepción de los residentes sobre el legado de la America’s Cup. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 16(1), 309-322.
Peters, M., y Schuckert, M. (2014). Tourism entrepreneurs' perception of quality of life: an explorative study. Tourism Analysis, 19(6), 731-740. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354214X14146846679484.
Plog, S. (2001). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity: An update of a Cornell Quarterly classic. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 42(3), 13-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8804(01)81020-X
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Jaafar, M., Kock, N., y Ramayah, T. (2015). A revised framework of social exchange theory to investigate the factors influencing residents' perceptions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 335-345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.10.001
Ritchie, B. W., Burns, P. M., y Palmer, C. A. (Eds.). (2005). Tourism research methods: integrating theory with practice. Wallingford: Cabi Publishing.
Sharpley, R. (2014). Host perceptions of tourism: A review of the research. Tourism Management, 42, 37-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.10.007
Sinclair-Maragh, G. (2017). Demographic analysis of residents' support for tourism development in Jamaica. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(1), 5-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.03.005
Sinclair-Maragh, G., y Gursoy, D. (2016). A conceptual model of residents’ support for tourism development in developing countries. Tourism Planning & Development, 13(1), 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2015.1047531
Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological methodology, 13, 290-312.
Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J., y Szivas, E. M. (2014). Residents' support for tourism development: The role of residents' place image and perceived tourism impacts. Tourism Management, 45, 260-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.05.006
Suess, C. (2014). Factors Influencing the Perceived Impacts of Medical Tourism Development on Quality of Life. (Tesis Doctoral). Universidad de Nevada. Las Vegas.
Twynam, G. y Johnston, M. (2004). Changes in Host Community Reactions to a Special Sporting Event. Current Issues in Tourism, 7(3), 242-261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500408667981
Uysal, M., Perdue, R., y Sirgy, M. J. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of tourism and quality-of-life research: Enhancing the lives of tourists and residents of host communities. Springer Science & Business Media.
Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E., y Kim, H. L. (2016). Quality of life (QOL) and well-being research in tourism. Tourism Management, 53, 244-261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.013
Wang, Y., y Pfister, R. E. (2008). Residents' attitudes toward tourism and perceived personal benefits in a rural community. Journal of Travel Research, 47(1), 84-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507312402
Weed, M. (2008). Sport y tourism: A reader. London: Routledge.
Williams, J., y Lawson, R. (2001). Community issues and resident opinions of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), 269-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00030-X
Woo, E., Kim, H., y Uysal, M. (2015). Life satisfaction and support for tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 50, 84-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.11.001
Woo, E., Uysal, M., y Sirgy, M. J. (2018). Tourism impact and stakeholders’ quality of life. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(2), 260-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348016654971
Wood, J. F. (2011). An Introduction to Intercultural Communication: Identities in a Global Community. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 40(2), 173-175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2011.581035
Woosnam, K.M., y Aleshinloye, K.D. (2018). Residents’ emotional solidarity with tourists: Explaining perceived impacts of a cultural heritage festival. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(4), 587–605 DOI: https:// doi/10.1177/1096348015584440
Xu, S., Barbieri, C., Anderson, D., Leung, Y. F., y Rozier-Rich, S. (2016). Residents' perceptions of wine tourism development. Tourism Management, 55, 276-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.016
Yu, C. P., Chancellor, H. C., y Cole, S. T. (2011). Measuring residents’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism: A reexamination of the sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 57-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509353189
Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., y Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.
