Análisis secuencial de la interacción entre lanzador y portero en penaltis
Resumen
En el seno de la metodología observacional se ha realizado un análisis de la interacción entre lanzadores y porteros, en penaltis ejecutados en competiciones internacionales de selecciones, que permita al portero obtener información relevante sobre la zona de la portería a la que va a ir dirigido el lanzamiento a partir de la información extraída en diferentes momentos del lanzamiento. El registro y codificación de los datos se ha realizado mediante el software LINCE. El registro, a partir del instrumento de observación, se vertebra por cuatro critical frames y de posibles conditional frames. Se ha garantizado la fiabilidad de los registros mediante concordancia intra-observador e inter-observadores, utilizando el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen. Se ha realizado un análisis secuencial de retardos que se ha visto facilitado por la estructura diacrónica del registro. Fruto de los resultados de este análisis se concluye con una serie de pautas relevantes que puedan servir a entrenadores de porteros para ayudar a sus porteros a afrontar un lanzamiento de penalti, considerando la información del contexto del penalti, del momento en el que el lanzador comienza su aproximación al balón, de la interacción mantenida entre lanzador y portero, del momento en que la pierna no dominante del lanzador hace su último apoyo antes del golpeo, y del momento en que el lanzador golpea el balón.
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