Actividad física y estados emocionales en universitarios durante el confinamiento por COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.480641
Palabras clave: Actividad física, Salud mental, estados emocionales, confinamiento, COVID-19

Resumen

El confinamiento social debido al brote por COVID-19 pudo alterar los estados emocionales de las personas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las diferencias en los estados emocionales (EE) positivos y negativos de acuerdo con diferentes formas de involucrarse en la actividad física (AF), con la cantidad de horas dedicadas a dicha actividad durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 y con el sexo de los participantes. Se envió a los participantes, 360 universitarios (126 hombres y 234 mujeres), una versión en línea de la Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos (PANAS) y un cuestionario diseñado ex profeso para indagar cómo éstos se involucraban en la AF. Mediante un análisis de varianza no paramétrico se evaluaron las diferencias entre los EE positivos y negativos en función de la AF realizada, las horas de AF y el sexo de los participantes. En general, se encontró: mayor nivel de EE positivos en quienes realizaban AF antes y durante el confinamiento en comparación con quienes no realizaban AF, con un tamaño del efecto mediano (g=0.768); mayores EE positivos en quienes realizaban más de ocho horas por semana de AF en comparación con quienes realizaban de cuatro a seis horas, con un tamaño del efecto grande (g=0.926); y mayores EE positivos en los hombres, con un tamaño del efecto mediano (g=0.402). La práctica constante de AF parece benéfica en el afrontamiento de situaciones aversivas como el confinamiento social, de manera que sería relevante diseñar programas que permitan a la población realizar AF de manera regular.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Abdiel Florentino Campos-Gil, Departamento de Cultura Física y Deportes, Centro Universitario UTEG, Guadalajara, México

Abdiel Campos es Psicólogo por la Universidad de Guadalajara, Maestro en Investigación en Psicología Aplicada a la Educación por la Universidad Veracruzana y Doctor en Ciencia del Comportamiento por la Universidad de Guadalajara. Es miembro del a Red Nacional de Psicología Experimental Humana (RENAPEH) del Sistema Mexicano de Investigación en Psicología (SMIP). Actualmente, es profesor investigador del Departamento de Cultura Física y Deportes del Centro Universitario UTEG. En esta institución, realiza investigación relacionada con la psicología del deporte y la actividad física.

Citas

Ahmad, A., y Murad, H. (2020). The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e19556. https://doi.org/10.2196/19556

Alomari, M. A., Khabour, O. F., y Alzoubi, K. H. (2020). Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Amid Confinement: The BKSQ-COVID-19 Project. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 1757-1764. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S268320

Arem, H., Moore, S. A., Patel, A. V., Hartge, P., De Gonzalez, A. B., Visvanathan, K., Campbell, P. J., Freedman, M., Weiderpass, E., Adami, H., Linet, M. S., Lee, I., y Matthews, C. E. (2015). Leisure time physical activity and mortality: a detailed pooled analysis of the dose-response relationship. JAMA internal medicine, 175(6), 959–967. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0533

Biddle, S. J., y Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 886–895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185

Cachón-Zagalaz, J., Sánchez-Zafra, M., Sanabrias-Moreno, D., González-Valero, G., Lara-Sánchez, A. J., y Zagalaz-Sánchez, M. L. (2020). Systematic Review of the Literature About the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lives of School Children. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 569348. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569348

Callow, D., Arnold-Nedimala, d., Jordan, L., Pena, G., Won, J., Woodard, J., y Smith, J. C. (2020). The Mental Health Benefits of Physical Activity in Older Adults Survive the COVID-19 Pandemic. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28, (10), 1046-1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.024

Canet-Juric, L., Andrés, M. L., del Valle, M., López-Morales, H., Poó, F., Galli, J. I., … Urquijo, S. (2020). A Longitudinal Study on the Emotional Impact Cause by the COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantine on General Population. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565688

Caspersen, C., Powell, K., y Christenson, G. (1985). Physical activity, exercise and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126-131.

Castaneda, C., Layne, J. E., Muñoz-Orianz, L., Gordon, P. L., Walsmith, J., Foldvari, M., … Nelson, M. E. (2002). A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 25, 2335-2341. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.12.2335

Chan, J. F., Yuan, S., Kok, K. H., To, K. K., Chu, H., Yang, J., … Yuen, K. Y. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet (London, England), 395(10223), 514–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9

Charreire, H., Verdot, C., De Edelenyi, F. S., Deschasaux, M., Srour, B., Druesne-Pecollo, N., Esseddik, Y., Allès, B., Baudry, J., Deschamps, V., Salanave, B., Galan, P., Hercberg, S., Julia, C., Kesse-Guyot, E., Bellicha, A., Touvier, M., y Oppert, J. (2022). Correlates of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors during the COVID-19 Lockdown in France: The NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12370. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912370

Cheval, B., Sivaramakrishnan, H., Maltagliati, S., Fessler, L., Forestier, C., Sarrazin, F., … Boisgontier, M. (2020). Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1841396

Daniel S. J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 1-6. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3

García-Fernández, L., Romero-Ferreiro, V., Padilla, S., David López-Roldán, P., Monzó-García, M., y Rodriguez-Jimenez, R. (2020). Gender differences in emotional response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain. Brain and Behavior, 11, e01934. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1934

González, T., de la Rubia, M. A., Hincz, K. P., Comas-Lopez, M., Subirats, L., Fort, S., y Sacha, G.M. (2020). Influence of COVID-19 confinement in stludents’ performance in higher education. PLOS ONE, 15(10), e0239490. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239490

Hailey, V., Burton, A., Hamer, M., Fancourt, D., y Fisher, A. (2022). Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: A Qualitative Analysis of Free-Text Survey Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14784. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214784

Harriss, D. J., y Atkinson, G. (2013). Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update. International journal of sports medicine, 34(12), 1025–1028. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1358756

Hartman, C. A., Manos, T. M., Winter, C., Hartman, D. M., Li, B., y Smith, J. C. (2000). Effects of T'ai Chi training on function and quality of life indicators in older adults with osteoarthritis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 48(12), 1553–1559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03863.x

Íñiguez-Berrozpe, T., Lozano-Blasco, R., Quílez-Robres, A., y Cortés Pascual, A. (2020). Universitarios y Confinamiento. Factores Socio-personales que Influyen en sus Niveles de Ansiedad y Empatía. Revista Internacional De Educación Para La Justicia Soc. 9(3), 301–316. https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2020.9.3.016

Jacob, L., Tully, M. A., Barnett, Y., López-Sánchez, G. F., Butler, L. T., Schuch, F. B., López-Bueno, R., McDermott, D. T., Firth, J., Grabovac, I., Yakkundi, A., Armstrong, N. J., Young, T., y Yang, L. (2020). The relationship between physical activity and mental health in a sample of the UK public: A cross-sectional study during the implementation of COVID-19 social distancing measures. Mental health and physical activity, 19, 100345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100345

Johnson, M., Saletti-Cuesta, L. y Tumas, N. (2020). Emociones, preocupaciones y reflexiones frente a la pandemia del COVID-19 en Argentina. Ciência y Saúde Coletiva, 25(1), 2447-2456. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10472020.

Lemes, V., Brand, C., Dias, A., Fochesatto, C., Reuter, C., Gaya, A. C., Mota, J., y Gaya, A. (2022). Relationship between physical activity and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents during COVID-19 social distancing. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 22(3), 238–251. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.479601

Leon, A. S., y Sanchez, O. A. (2001). Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 33(6 Suppl), S502–S529. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106001-00021

Manson, J. E., Hu, F. B., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Speizer, F. E., y Hennekens, C. H. (1999). A prospective study of walking as compared with vigorous exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(9) 650-658. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199908263410904

Marquina, R. J. (2020). Autopercepción del estrés en aislamiento social en tiempos de covid -19. Revista ConCiencia EPG, 5(1), 83 - 97. https://doi.org/10.32654/CONCIENCIAEPG.5-1.6

Medina, S., y Ródenas, L. (2022). La ansiedad en deportistas universitarios durante la cuarentena por COVID-19. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 22(2), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.430721

Meyer, J., McDowell, C., Lansing, J., Brower, C., Smith, L., Tully, M., y Herring, M. (2020). Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Response to COVID-19 and Their Associations with Mental Health in 3052 US Adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(18), 6469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186469

Oliveira, B. R. R., Matos, I. C., Maranhão Neto, G. A., Rodrigues, F., Monteiro, D., Lattari, E., y Machado, S. (2021). A 16-week intervention on mood and life quality in elderly: testing two exercise programs. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 21(2), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.433571

Organización Mundial de la Salud (2020). #SanosEnCasa.

Ornell, F., Schuch, J., Sordi, A., y Kessler, F. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 232-235. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008

Ozamiz-Etxebarria, Naiara, Dosil-Santamaria, Maria, Picaza-Gorrochategui, Maitane, y Idoiaga-Mondragon, Nahia. (2020). Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36(4), https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00054020

Paludo, A., Duarte, C., Stein, A., Silva, M. P., Junior, H. S., y Cavazzotto, T. (2022). Perception of body image, food consumption, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in a Brazilian academic population during the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 22(3) 41–47. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.442811

Pietrabissa, G., y Simpson, S. G. (2020). Psychological Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19 Outbreak. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 2201. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201

Prieto Molinari, D., Aguirre Bravo, G., De Pierola, I., Luna Victoria-De Bona, G., Merea Silva, L., Lazarte Núñez, C., Uribe-Bravo, K., y Zegarra, Á. (2020). Depresión y ansiedad durante el aislamiento obligatorio por el COVID-19 en Lima Metropolitana. Liberabit, 26(2), e425. https://doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2020.v26n2.09

Qin, F., Song, Y., Nassis, G. P., Zhao, L., Dong, Y., Zhao, C., … Zhao, J. (2020). Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Well-Being during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 5170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145170

Reigal, R. E., Páez-Maldonado, J. A., Pastrana-Brincones, J. L., Morillo-Baro, J. P., Hernández-Mendo, A., y Morales-Sánchez, V. (2021). Physical activity is related to mood states, anxiety state and self-rated health in COVID-19 lockdown. Sustainability, 13(10), 5444. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105444

Reigal, R. E., Pastrana-Brincones, J. L., González-Ruiz, S. L., Hernández-Mendo, A., Morillo-Baro, J. P., y Morales-Sánchez, V. (2020). Use of data mining to determine usage patterns of an online evaluation platform during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 588843. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588843

Rodríguez-Cayetano, A., Pérez Muñoz, S., Sánchez Muñoz, A., De Mena Ramos, J. M., y Becerro Hernández, Y. M. (2022). Estado de ánimo y dependencia a la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 22(3), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.423711

Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A. J., Pantaleón, Y., Dios, I., y Falla, D. (2020). Fear of COVID-19, Stress, and Anxiety in University Undergraduate Students: A Predictive Model for Depression. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 591797. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797

Rolls, E.T. (1999). The Brain and Emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Rothe, C., Schunk, M., Sothmann, P., Bretzel, G., Froeschl, G., Wallrauch, C., et al. (2020). Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. The New England Journal of Medicine, 10. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001468

Sandín, B., Chorot, P., Lostao. L., Joiner, T.E., Santed, M.A., y Valiente, R.M. (1999). Escalas PANAS de afecto positivo y negativo: Validación factorial y convergencia transcultural. Psicothema, 11(1) 37-51.

Schuch, F. B., Bulzing, R. A., Meyer, J. D., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Stubbs, B., Grabovac, I., Willeit, P., De Oliveira Tavares, V. D., Calegaro, V. C., Deenik, J., López-Sánchez, G. F., Veronese, N., Caperchione, C. M., Sadarangani, K. P., Abufaraj, M., Tully, M. A., y Yang, L. (2020). Associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior with depressive and anxiety symptoms in self-isolating people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey in Brazil. Psychiatry Research, 292, 113339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113339

Sun, J., He, W., Wang, L., Lai, A., Ji, X., Zhai, X., Li, G., Suchard, M. A., Tian, J., Zhou, J., Veit, M., y Su, S. (2020). COVID-19: epidemiology, evolution, and crossdisciplinary perspectives. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 26(5), 483–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.008

Tamminen, N., Reinikainen, J., Appelqvist-Schmidlechner, K., Borodulin, K., Mäki-Opas, T., y Solin, P. (2020). Associations of physical activity with positive mental health: A population-based study. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 18, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100319

Van Rheenen, T. E., Meyer, D., Neill, E., Phillipou, A., Tan, E. J., Toh, W. L., y Rossell, S. L. (2020). Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037

Wang, Y., Jing, X., Han, W., Jing, Y., y Xu, L. (2020). Positive and negative affect of university and college students during COVID-19 outbreak: a network-based survey. International Journal of Public Health 65, 1437–1443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01483-3

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., y Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063

World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053

Yang, S., & Kim, H. (2022). Effects of a Walking Exercise-Focused Health Promotion Program for Middle-Aged Women in the Korean Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214947

Zacher, H., y Rudolph, C. W. (2020). Individual Differences and Changes in Subjective Wellbeing During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Psychologist, 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000702

Zhai, X., Sun, J., Yan, Z., Zhang, J., Zhao, J., Zhao, Z., Gao, Q., He, W., Veit, M., y Su, S. (2020). Comparison of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein Binding to ACE2 Receptors from Human, Pets, Farm Animals, and Putative Intermediate Hosts. Journal of Virology, 94(15), e00831-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00831-20

Publicado
16-09-2023
Cómo citar
Campos-Gil, A. F. (2023). Actividad física y estados emocionales en universitarios durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.480641
Número
Sección
Psicología del Deporte