Predictive value of the Bayley Scales applied to a group of preterm infants, on their results in the Wechsler Scales at 10 years old

Authors

  • María de la Paz García-Martínez APSA Association, Alicante (Spain). Early intervention research group (GIAT) . University of Murcia (Spain). Department of developmental psychology and education, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-4293
  • Juan Sánchez-Caravaca Professor of educational guidance in the equipment of educational guidance and Psychology (EOEP) of attention early of the Ministry of education of the community autonomous of of Murcia. Early Intervention Research Group (GIAT). University of Murcia (Spain). http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-9791
  • María del Pilar Montealegre-Ramón Early intervention research group (GIAT) . University of Murcia (Spain). Department of developmental psychology and education, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9081-9762
  • Julio Pérez-López Faculty of psychology. University of Murcia. Espinardo campus. 30100, Murcia (Spain). Telf.: 868 88 34 35. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-8589
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.1.335071
Keywords: Keywords, Scales Bayley, Scales Wechsler, longitudinal study, preterm birth, development, cognitive outcome, intelligence, early intervention.

Supporting Agencies

  • This work has been funded
  • in part
  • by the Séneca Foundation with reference PC 01244/CV/00. Ministry of education and culture of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia
  • Spain.

Abstract

Objective.- The present work aims to verify if the scores obtained by a group of preterm infants during the first 3 years of life, evaluated with the Bayley scales, predict the posterior cognitive abilities, evaluated with the Wechsler Scales. Method.- A quasi-experimental method of descriptive type with a longitudinal design was used. To examine the predictive capacity of the assessments made with the BSID-II Scale on the results of the WISC-IV Scale, three canonical correlation analyzes were carried out, one initial, with the first month of corrected age data, another, with the 18 months corrected age and, third, at 36 months of chronological age. Results.- The scores obtained in the BSID-II Scales both at 18 months of corrected age and at 36 months of chronological age have a significant relationship with the results obtained at 9-11 years old on the WISC-IV Scale. However, the scores obtained at the corrected age month do not serve to predict such results. Conclusions.- These results allow us to highlight the predictive value of developmental evaluations performed after 18 months of corrected age, with good stability in cognitive development over time. We defend intervention and long-term follow-ups.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

María de la Paz García-Martínez, APSA Association, Alicante (Spain). Early intervention research group (GIAT) . University of Murcia (Spain). Department of developmental psychology and education, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

Doctoral student in psychology. Line of research in human development, high skills and early care. Department of developmental psychology and education, University of Murcia (Spain).

Technical early intervention in the APSA Association, Alicante (Spain).

Collaborator of the Early Intervention Research Group (GIAT), University of Murcia (Spain).

Juan Sánchez-Caravaca, Professor of educational guidance in the equipment of educational guidance and Psychology (EOEP) of attention early of the Ministry of education of the community autonomous of of Murcia. Early Intervention Research Group (GIAT). University of Murcia (Spain).

Doctor in psychology and educator, Professor of educational guidance in the equipment of educational guidance and Psychology (EOEP) of attention early of the Ministry of education of the community autonomous of of Murcia.

Associate Professor of the University of Murcia.

Early Intervention Research Group (GIAT). University of Murcia (Spain).

María del Pilar Montealegre-Ramón, Early intervention research group (GIAT) . University of Murcia (Spain). Department of developmental psychology and education, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

A degree in psychology. 

Collaborator of the Early Intervention Research Group (GIAT), University of Murcia (Spain).

Julio Pérez-López, Faculty of psychology. University of Murcia. Espinardo campus. 30100, Murcia (Spain). Telf.: 868 88 34 35.

Ph.d. in psychology. Professor of the Department of developmental psychology and education.

Early Intervention Research Group (GIAT), University of Murcia (Spain).

Faculty of psychology. University of Murcia. Espinardo campus. 30100, Murcia (Spain). Telf.: 868 88 34 35.

References

Aarnoudse-Moens, C. S. H., Weisglas-Kuperus, N., van Goudoever, J. B., & Oosterlaan, J. (2009). Meta-analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children. Pediatrics, 124(2), 717-728. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2816

Allin, M. P. G., Walshe, M., Fern, A., Nosarti, C., Cuddy, M., Rifkin, L. et al. (2008). Cognitive maturation in preterm and term born adolescents. Journal of Neurolology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 79(4), 381-386. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.110858

Anderson, P. J. (2014). Neuropsychological outcomes of children born very preterm. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 19(2), 90-96. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2013.11.012

Anderson, P. J., Cheong, J. L., & Thompson, D. K. (2015). The predictive validity of neonatal MRI for neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm children. Seminars in Perinatology, 39(2), 147-158. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2015.01.008

Anderson, P. J., Doyle, L. W., & the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group. (2003). Neurobehavioral outcomes of school-age children born extremely low birth weight or very preterm in the 1990s. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(24), 3264-3272. doi:10.1001/jama.289.24.3264

Anderson, P. J., Doyle, L. W., & Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group. (2004). Executive functioning in school-aged children who were born very preterm or with extremely low birth weight in the 1990s. Pediatrics, 114(1), 50-57. doi:10.1542/peds.114.1.50

Aylward, G. P. (2002). Cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes: More than IQ scores. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 8(4), 234-240. doi:10.1002/mrdd.10043

Aylward, G. P. (2005). Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born prematurely. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 26(6), 427-440. doi:0196-206X/05/2606-0427

Aylward, G. P., Pfeiffer, S. I., Wright, A., & Verhulst, S. J. (1989). Outcome studies of low birth weight infants published in the last decade: a metaanalysis. The Journal of Pediatrics, 115(4), 515-520. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80273-2

Ball, G., Boardman, J. P., Aljabar, P., Pandit, A., Arichi, T., Merchant, N. et al. (2013). The influence of preterm birth on the developing thalamocortical connectome. Cortex, 49(6), 1711-1721. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.07.006

Bayless, S., Pit-ten Cate, I. M., & Stevenson, J. (2008). Behaviour difficulties and cognitive function in children born very prematurely. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(3), 199-206. doi:10.1177/0165025408089269

Bayley, N. (1993). Manual for the Bayley of Infant Developmental. Second Edition. (BSID-II). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

Bhutta, A. T., Cleves, M. A., Casey, P. H., Cradock, M. M., & Anand, K. J. (2002). Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: a meta-analysis. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(6), 728-737. doi:10.1001/jama.288.6.728

Breeman, L. D., Jaekel, J., Baumann, N., Bartmann, P., & Wolke, D. (2015). Preterm Cognitive Function Into Adulthood. Pediatrics, 136(3), 415-423. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0608

AUTORES (2004).

Breslau, N., Johnson, E. O., & Lucia, V. C. (2001). Academic Achievement of Low Birthweight Children at Age 11: The Role of Cognitive Abilities at School Entry. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(4), 273-279. doi:10.1023/A:1010396027299

Calero, M. D., & García-Martin, M. B. (2014). Estabilidad temporal del C.I. y potencial de aprendizaje en niños superdotados: implicaciones diagnósticas. Anales de Psicología, 30(2), 512-521. doi:10.6018/analesps.30.2.163801

Casasbuenas, O. L. (2005). Seguimiento neurológico del recién nacido pretérmino. Revista de Neurología, 40 Suppl 1, S65-S67.

de Kieviet, J. F., Heslenfeld, D. J., Pouwels, P. J., Lafeber, H. N., Vermeulen, R. J., van Elburg, R. M. et al. (2014). A crucial role for white matter alterations in interference control problems of very preterm children. Pediatric Research, 75(6), 731-737. doi:10.1038/pr.2014.31

Doyle, L. W., Casalaz, D., for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group (2001). Outcome at 14 years of extremely low birthweight infants: a regional study. Archives of Disease in Childhood.Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 85(3), F159-F164. doi:10.1136/fn.85.3.F159

Farooqi, A., Adamsson, M., Serenius, F., & Hägglöf, B. (2016). Executive Functioning and Learning Skills of Adolescent Children Born at Fewer than 26 Weeks of Gestation. PLoS One, 11(3), e0151819. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151819

AUTORES (2010).

AUTORES (2018).

Grieve, P. G., Isler, J. R., Izraelit, A., Peterson, B. S., Fifer, W. P., Myers, M. M. et al. (2008). EEG functional connectivity in term age extremely low birth weight infants. Clinical Neurophysiology, 119(12), 2712-2720. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2008.09.020

Gu, H., Wang, L., Liu, L., Luo, X., Wang, J., Hou, F. et al. (2017). A gradient relationship between low birth weight and IQ: A meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 7, 18035. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18234-9

Guralnick, M. J. (1998). Effectiveness of early intervention for vulnerable children: a developmental perspective. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102(4), 319-345. doi:10.1352/0895-8017(1998)102%3C0319:EOEIFV%3E2.0.CO;2

Hack, M., Taylor, H. G., Drotar, D., Schluchter, M., Cartar, L., Wilson-Costello, D. et al. (2005). Poor predictive validity of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for cognitive function of extremely low birth weight children at school age. Pediatrics, 116(2), 333-341. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0173

Heinonen, K., Lahti, J., Sammallahti, S., Wolke, D., Lano, A., Andersson, S. et al. (2017, In press). Neurocognitive outcome in young adults born late-preterm. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, n/a. doi:10.1111/dmcn.13616

Johnson, S., Hennessy, E., Smith, R., Trikic, R., Wolke, D., & Marlow, N. (2009). Academic attainment and special educational needs in extremely preterm children at 11 years of age: the EPICure study. Archives of Disease in Childhood.Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 94(4), F283-F289. doi:10.1136/adc.2008.152793.

Johnson, S., & Marlow, N. (2017). Early and long-term outcome of infants born extremely preterm. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 102(1), 97-102. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-309581

Johnson, T. J., Patel, A. L., Jegier, B. J., Engstrom, J. L., & Meier, P. P. (2013). Cost of Morbidities in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. The Journal of Pediatrics, 162(2), 243-249. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.07.013

Kerr-Wilson, C. O., Mackay, D. F., Smith, G. C. S., & Pell, J. P. (2011). Meta-analysis of the association between preterm delivery and intelligence. Journal of Public Health, 34(2), 209-216. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr024

Larroque, B. (2004). Les troubles du développement des enfants grands prématurés mesurés à l'âge scolaire. Journal de Gynécologie, Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction (Paris), 33(6 Pt 1), 475-486. doi:10.1016/S0368-2315(04)96560-X; JGYN-10-2004-33-6-C1-0368-2315-101019-ART2

Larroque, B., Ancel, P. Y., Marret, S., Marchand-Martin, L., André, M., Arnaud, C. et al. (2008). Neurodevelopmental disabilities and special care of 5-year-old children born before 33 weeks of gestation (the EPIPAGE study): a longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet, 371(9615), 813-820. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60380-3

Linsell, L., Johnson, S., Wolke, D., O'Reilly, H., Morris, J. K., Kurinczuk, J. J. et al. (2018). Cognitive trajectories from infancy to early adulthood following birth before 26 weeks of gestation: a prospective, population-based cohort study. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(4), 363-370. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-313414

Lobo, M. A., & Galloway, J. C. (2013). Assessment and stability of early learning abilities in preterm and full-term infants across the first two years of life. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(5), 1721-1730. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.02.010

Loftin, R. W., Habli, M., Snyder, C. C., Cormier, C. M., Lewis, D. F., & DeFranco, E. A. (2010, Winter). Late Preterm Birth. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3(1), 10-19. doi:10.3909/riog0098

Løhaugen, G. C. C., Gramstad, A., Evensen, K. A., Martinussen, M., Lindqvist, S., Indredavik, M. S. et al. (2010). Cognitive profile in young adults born preterm at very low birthweight. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52(12), 1133-1138. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03743.x

Luttikhuizen dos Santos, E. S., de Kieviet, J. F., Konigs, M., van Elburg, R. M., & Oosterlaan, J. (2013). Predictive value of the Bayley scales of infant development on development of very preterm/very low birth weight children: a meta-analysis. Early Human Development, 89(7), 487-496. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.03.008

Luu, T. M., Ment, L. R., Schneider, K. C., Katz, K. H., Allan, W. C., & Vohr, B. R. (2009). Lasting effects of preterm birth and neonatal brain hemorrhage at 12 years of age. Pediatrics, 123(3), 1037-1044. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1162

Munck, P., Niemi, P., Lapinleimu, H., Lehtonen, L., Haataja, L., & and the PIPARI Study Group. (2012). Stability of Cognitive Outcome From 2 to 5 Years of Age in Very Low Birth Weight Children. Pediatrics, 129(3), 503. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-1566

Murray, A. L., Scratch, S. E., Thompson, D. K., Inder, T. E., Doyle, L. W., Anderson, J. F. et al. (2014). Neonatal brain pathology predicts adverse attention and processing speed outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children. Neuropsychology, 28(4), 552-562. doi:10.1037/neu0000071

Narberhaus, A. (2004). Trastornos neuropsicológicos y del neurodesarrollo en el prematuro. Anales de Psicología, 20(2), 317-326.

Nordhov, S. M., Rønning, J. A., Dahl, L. B., Ulvund, S. E., Tunby, J., & Kaaresen, P. I. (2010). Early intervention improves cognitive outcomes for preterm infants: randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics, 126(5), e1088-e1094. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0778

Nosarti, C., Giouroukou, E., Micali, N., Rifkin, L., Morris, R. G., & Murray, R. M. (2007). Impaired executive functioning in young adults born very preterm. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13(4), 571-581. doi:10.1017/S1355617707070725

Nyman, A., Korhonen, T., Munck, P., Parkkola, R., Lehtonen, L., & Haataja, L. (2017). Factors affecting the cognitive profile of 11-year-old children born very preterm. Pediatric Research, 82(2), 324-332. doi:10.1038/pr.2017.64

Orchinik, L. J., Taylor, H. G., Espy, K. A., Minich, N., Klein, N., Sheffield, T. et al. (2011). Cognitive outcomes for extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight children in kindergarten. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(6), 1067-1079. doi:10.1017/S135561771100107X

Ornstein, M., Ohlsson, A., Edmonds, J., & Asztalos, E. (1991). Neonatal Follow-up of Very Low Birthweight/Extremely Low Birthweight Infants to School Age: A Critical Overview. Acta Pædiatrica, 80(8-9), 741-748. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11943.x

Patrianakos-Hoobler, A. I., Msall, M. E., Huo, D., Marks, J. D., Plesha-Troyke, S., & Schreiber, M. D. (2010). Predicting School Readiness from Neurodevelopmental Assessments at Age 2 Years after Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Infants Born Preterm. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52(4), 379-385. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03343.x

AUTORES (2012).

AUTORES (2009).

AUTORES (2008).

Petrou, S., Abangma, G., Johnson, S., Wolke, D., & Marlow, N. (2009). Costs and health utilities associated with extremely preterm birth: evidence from the EPICure study. Value in Health, 12(8), 1124-1134. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00580.x

Piñero, J. (2014). Eficacia de los programas de Atención Temprana en el ámbito hospitalario en niños de riesgo biológico: Estudio longitudinal durante los 18 primeros meses de vida de edad corregida. (Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Murcia). Recuperado de http://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/283069

Potharst, E. S., Houtzager, B. A., van Sonderen, L., Tamminga, P., Kok, J. H., Last, B. F. et al. (2012). Prediction of cognitive abilities at the age of 5 years using developmental follow-up assessments at the age of 2 and 3 years in very preterm children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 54(3), 240-246. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04181.x

Pritchard, V. E., Clark, C. A., Liberty, K., Champion, P. R., Wilson, K., & Woodward, L. J. (2009). Early school-based learning difficulties in children born very preterm. Early Human Development, 85(4), 215-224. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.10.004

Reuner, G., Hassenpflug, A., Pietz, J., & Philippi, H. (2009). Long-term development of low-risk low birth weight preterm born infants: Neurodevelopmental aspects from childhood to late adolescence. Early Human Development, 85(7), 409-413. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.01.007

Ríos-Risquez, M. I., Sánchez-Meca, J., & Godoy-Fernández, C. (2010). Personalidad resistente, autoeficacia y estado general de salud en profesionales de Enfermería de cuidados intensivos y urgencias. Psicothema, 22(4), 600-605.

Roberts, G., Doyle, L. W., & Anderson, P. J. (2009). The stability of the diagnosis of developmental disability between age 2 and 8 in a geographic cohort of very preterm children born in 1997. Archives of Disease in Childhood. doi:10.1136/adc.2009.160283

Romeo, D. M., Guzzardi, S., Ricci, D., Cilauro, S., Brogna, C., Cowan, F. et al. (2012). Longitudinal cognitive assessment in healthy late preterm infants. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 16(3), 243-247. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2011.07.012

Rose, S. A., Feldman, J. F., Jankowski, J. J., & Van Rossem, R. (2005). Pathways From Prematurity and Infant Abilities to Later Cognition. Child Development, 76(6), 1172-1184. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00842.x-i1

Saigal, S. (2000). Follow-up of very low birthweight babies to adolescence. Seminars in Neonatology, 5(2), 107-118. doi:10.1053/siny.1999.0003

Sajaniemi, N., Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Katainen, S., & von Wendt, L. (2001). Early cognitive and behavioral predictors of later performance: a follow-up study of ELBW children from ages 2 to 4. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 16(3), 343-361. doi:10.1016/S0885-2006(01)00107-7

AUTOR (2006).

Scott, A., Winchester, S. B., & Sullivan, M. C. (2017). Trajectories of problem behaviors from 4 to 23 years in former preterm infants. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 0165025417692899. doi:10.1177/0165025417692899

Sherry, A., & Henson, R. K. (2005). Conducting and interpreting canonical correlation analysis in personality research: a user-friendly primer. Journal of Personality assessment, 84(1), 37-48. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa8401_09

Sølsnes, A. E., Sripada, K., Yendiki, A., Bjuland, K. J., Østgård, H. F., Aanes, S. et al. (2016). Limited microstructural and connectivity deficits despite subcortical volume reductions in school-aged children born preterm with very low birth weight. Neuroimage, 130, 24-34. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.029

Soria-Pastor, S., Giménez, M., Narberhaus, A., Falcón, C., Botet, F., Bargalló, N. et al. (2008). Patterns of cerebral white matter damage and cognitive impairment in adolescents born very preterm. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 26(7), 647-654. doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.08.001

Taylor, H. G. (2006). Children born preterm or with very low birth weight can have both global and selective cognitive deficits. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(6), 485-486. doi:10.1097/00004703-200612000-00005

Twilhaar, E. S., Wade, R. M., de Kieviet, J. F., van Goudoever, J. B., van Elburg, R. M., & Oosterlaan, J. (2018). Cognitive outcomes of children born extremely or very preterm since the 1990s and associated risk factors: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(4), 361-367. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5323

Vohr, B. R., Wright, L. L., Dusick, A. M., Mele, L., Verter, J., Steichen, J. J. et al. (2000). Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994. Pediatrics, 105(6), 1216-1226. doi:10.1542/peds.105.6.1216

Vollmer, B., Lundequist, A., Mårtensson, G., Nagy, Z., Lagercrantz, H., Smedler, A. C. et al. (2017). Correlation between white matter microstructure and executive functions suggests early developmental influence on long fibre tracts in preterm born adolescents. PLoS One, 12(6), e0178893. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178893

Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Fourh Edition, Wechsler WISC-IV. Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Niños - IV. (Adaptada al castellano por Corral, S.; Arribas, D.; Santamaría, P.; Sueiro, M.J. y Pereña, J., 2009 ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

Wilson-Ching, M., Molloy, C. S., Anderson, V. A., Burnett, A., Roberts, G., Cheong, J. L. Y. et al. (2013). Attention Difficulties in a Contemporary Geographic Cohort of Adolescents Born Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19(10), 1097-1108. doi:10.1017/S1355617713001057

Wocadlo, C., & Rieger, I. (2006). Educational and therapeutic resource dependency at early school-age in children who were born very preterm. Early Human Development, 82(1), 29-37. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.06.005

Wong, H. S., Santhakumaran, S., Cowan, F. M., Modi, N., & Medicines for Neonates Investigator Group. (2016). Developmental Assessments in Preterm Children: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 138(2), e20160251. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0251

Published
24-12-2018
How to Cite
García-Martínez, M. de la P., Sánchez-Caravaca, J., Montealegre-Ramón, M. del P., & Pérez-López, J. (2018). Predictive value of the Bayley Scales applied to a group of preterm infants, on their results in the Wechsler Scales at 10 years old. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 35(1), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.1.335071
Issue
Section
Developmental and Educational Psychology

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
2
2.4

Reviewer profiles  N/A

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
N/A
32%
Competing interests 
N/A
11%
Metric
This journal
Other journals
Articles accepted 
52%
33%
Days to publication 
186
145

Indexed in

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/A
Publisher 
Editum - Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (España)