Evaluación de las experiencias vitales tempranas: la escala ELES y su uso clínico
Resumen
Antecedentes: la escala de Experiencias Vitales Tempranas (ELES) evalúa el recuerdo de la amenaza y subordinación percibidas durante la infancia en las relaciones familiares partiendo de la teoría del rango social. Se propone adaptar al español dicha escala y comprobar su estructura factorial mediante una validación cruzada y explorar sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: participaron 960 sujetos (863 de población general y 97 pacientes). Resultados: los datos confirman la estructura factorial de la versión inicial de Gilbert, Cheung, Grandfield, Campey, y Irons (2003), obteniendo tres factores: sumisión, amenaza, y desvalorización, explicando un 66.31% de la varianza. La versión española de la escala ELES resultó estar compuesta por el mismo número de ítems que la original y mostró índices adecuados de validez, consistencia interna, fiabilidad retest, fiabilidad compuesta e invarianza por género. Conclusiones: la escala de Experiencias Vitales Tempranas (ELES) puede ser de utilidad para evaluar las experiencias vitales tempranas, estudiar la relación entre dichas experiencias en diferentes manifestaciones psicopatológicas y establecer posibles modelos explicativos.
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