EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN TOURISM: A GENERATIONAL STUDY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to examine employee engagement among different generations of tourism workers across European countries. The research takes a quantitative approach. Data from 2,393 employees from 35 European countries working in tourism were considered. Data analysis was based on cluster analysis to find patterns of engagement across countries and hierarchical multiple regression analysis and other statistical tools to confirm differences between generations. The results reveal three groups of countries with different patterns of engagement. The findings also show differences between generational groups.
Downloads
References
ALFES, K., SHANTZ, A.D., TRUSS, C. & SOANE, E.C. (2013): «The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour : a moderated mediation model». The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 24 (2), pp. 330-351.
BAKKER, A.B., & SCHAUFELI, W.B. (2008): «Positive organizational behavior: engaged employees in flourishing organizations», Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 29, pp. 147-154.
BAKKER, ARNOLD B., DEMEROUTI, E. & SCHAUFELI, W.B. (2002): «Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey: An Internet Study», Anxiety, Stress & Coping, vol. 15 (3), pp. 245-260.
BAKKER, ARNOLD B., HAKANEN, J.J., DEMEROUTI, E. & XANTHOPOULOU, D. (2007): «Job resources boost work engagement, particularly when job demands are high», Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 99 (2), pp. 274-284.
BALDUCCI, C., FRACCAROLI, F. & SCHAUFELI, W.B. (2010): «Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9)», European Journal of Psychological Assessment, vol. 26 (2), pp. 143-149.
BETTENCOURT, L.A. & GWINNER, K. (1996): «Customization of the service experience: The role of the frontline employee», International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol. 7 (2), pp. 3-20.
CHAWLA, D., DOKADIA, A. & RAI, S. (2017): «Multigenerational Differences in Career Preferences, Reward Preferences and Work Engagement among Indian Employees», Global Business Review, vol. 18 (1), pp. 181-197.
CHI, C.G. & GURSOY, D. (2009): «Employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and financial performance: An empirical examination», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 28 (2), pp. 245-253.
CHUNG, N.G. & ANGELINE, T. (2010): «Does work engagement mediate the relationship between job resources and job performance of employees?», African Journal of Business Management, vol. 4 (9), pp. 1.837-1.843.
COHEN, J. (1998): Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
COOPER-THOMAS, H.D., XU, J. & SAKS, A. (2018): «The differential value of resources in predicting employee engagement», Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 33(4-5), pp. 326-344.
FAIRLIE, P. (2011): «Meaningful Work, Employee Engagement, and Other Key Employee Outcomes: Implications for Human Resource Development», Advances in Developing Human Resources, vol. 13 (4), pp. 508-525.
FERREIRA, P. & DE OLIVEIRA, E.R. (2014): «Does corporate social responsibility impact on employee engagement?», Journal of Workplace Learning, vol. 26 (3), pp. 232-248.
FERREIRA, P. & RODRIGUES, P. (2018): «Engagement as an antecedent of the satisfaction-performance relation : a study with line managers», International Journal of Human Resources Development & Management, vol. 18 (1-2), pp. 32-50.
HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R., TATHAM, R. & BLACK, D. (1999): Analisis Multivariante (5th ed.). Madrid, Prentice-Hall.
HARTER, J.K., SCHMIDT, F.L. & HAYES, T.L. (2002): «Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis», Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 87 (2), pp. 268-279.
HOOLE, C. & BONNEMA, J. (2015): «Work engagement and meaningful work across generational cohorts», SA Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 13 (1), pp. 1-11.
JUNG, H.S. & YOON, H.H. (2016): «What does work meaning to hospitality employees? The effects of meaningful work on employees’ organizational commitment: The mediating role of job engagement», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 53, pp. 59-68.
KAHN, W.A. (1990): «Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 33 (4), pp. 692-724.
KARATEPE, O.M. & OLUGBADE, O.A. (2009): «The effects of job and personal resources on hotel employees’ work engagement», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 28 (4), pp. 504-512.
KUPPERSCHMIDT, B.R. (2000): «Multigeneration employees: Strategies for effective management». The Health Care Manager, 19 (1), pp. 65-76.
LEE, Y.-K., KIM, S. & KIM, S.Y. (2013): «The Impact of Internal Branding on Employee Engagement and Outcome Variables in the Hotel Industry», Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 19 (12), pp. 1.359-1.380.
MASLACH, C., SCHAUFELI, W.B. & LEITER, M.P. (2001): «Job Burnout», Annu. Rev. Psychol., vol. 52, pp. 397-422.
MENGUC, B., AUH, S., YENIARAS, V. & KATSIKEAS, C.S. (2017): «The role of climate: implications for service employee engagement and customer service performance», Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 45 (3), pp. 428-451.
PAEK, S., SCHUCKERT, M., KIM, T.T. & LEE, G. (2015):«Why is hospitality employees’ psychological capital important? The effects of psychological capital on work engagement and employee morale», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 50, pp. 9-26.
PARK, J. & GURSOY, D. (2012): «Generation effects on work engagement among U.S. hotel employees», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 31 (4), pp. 1.195-1.202.
RAM, P. & PRABHAKAR, G. (2011):«The role of employee engagement in work-related outcomes», Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, vol. 1(3), pp. 47-61.
SAKS, A.M. (2006): «Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement», Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 21 (7), pp. 600-619.
SCHAUFELI, W. (2017): Work Engagement in Europe. Relations with National Economy, Governance and Culture. Leuven.
SCHAUFELI, W.B., BAKKER, A.B. & SALANOVA, M. (2006): «The Measurement of Work Engagement with a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study», Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 66 (4), pp. 701-716.
SCHAUFELI, W.B., SALANOVA, M., GONZALEZ-ROMA, V. & BAKKER, A. B. (2002): «The measurement of engagement and burnout: a two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach», Journal of Happiness Studies, vol. 3 (1), pp. 71-92.
SCHAUFELI, W. B., SHIMAZU, A., HAKANEN, J., SALANOVA, M. & DE WITTE, H. (2017): «An Ultra-Short Measure for Work Engagement: The UWES-3 Validation Across Five Countries», European Journal of Psychological Assessment, pp. 1-15.
SHIMAZU, A., SCHAUFELI, W.B., KOSUGI, S., SUZUKI, A., NASHIWA, H., KATO, A. & KITAOKA-HIGASHIGUCHI, K. (2008): «Work engagement in Japan: Validation of the Japanese version of the utrecht work engagement scale», Applied Psychology, vol. 57 (3), pp. 510-523.
SHUCK, B & WOLLARD, K. (2010): «Employee engagement and HRD: A seminal review of the foundations», Human Resource Development Review, vol. 9 (1), pp. 89-110.
SHUCK, B. (2011): «Four Emerging Perspectives of Employee Engagement: An Integrative Literature Review», Human Resource Development Review, vol. 10 (3), pp. 304-328.
SLÅTTEN, T. & MEHMETOGLU, M. (2011): «Antecedents and effects of engaged frontline employees: A study from the hospitality industry», Managing Service Quality, vol. 21 (1), pp. 88-107.
TARIS, T.W., LE BLANC, P.M., SCHAUFELI, W.B. & SCHREURS, P. J. G. (2005): «Are there causal relationships between the dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory? A review and two longitudinal tests», Work & Stress, vol. 19 (3), pp. 238-255.
ULUDAG, O. & YARATAN, H. (2010): «The effect of burnout on engagement: An empirical study on tourism students», The Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport and Tourism, vol. 9 (1), pp. 13-23.
VANCE, R.J. (2006): Employee engagement and commitment: A guide to understanding, measuring, and increasing engagement in your organization. Alexandria, VA, The SHRM Foundation.
WAGNER, R. & HARTER, J.K. (2006): 12: The great elements of managing. Washington, D.C., The Gallup Organization.
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.
_.jpg)
