Hacia una arquitectura sostenible
Abstract
La fuerte concienciación que en los últimos decenios se ha venido produciendo dentro del campo de la ecología ha motivado que los arquitectos se replanteen sus propuestas constructivas para hacerlas cada vez más respetuosas con el medio ambiente y la sostenibilidad. En el presente artículo se analiza la legislación, conferencias y declaraciones internacionales (Earth summit, Declaration of Interdependence for a Sustainable Future, Introduction to Sustainable Design) que han venido defendiendo un práctica de la arquitectura más ecológica. Se estudian los principios tecnológicos que pretenden hacer sostenible la arquitectura y buscar su armonía con el entorno natural, los materiales constructivos, los procesos de climatización e iluminación, y la salud física y espiritual de sus ocupantes. Se referencia aquellos personajes que fueron los pioneros en el desarrollo de esta arquitectura sostenible: Charles Correa, Brenda & Robert Vale, Kenneth Yeang. Finalmente se aportan algunos ejemplos actuales de aplicación a ciudades o edificios que han sido objeto de una atención ecológica especial, realizados por arquitectos como: Richard Rogers, Renzo Piano, Norman Foster, Jean Nouvel o la firma Herzog & de Meuron.Downloads
References
Adjaye, D. (2013). Charles Correa: India’s Greatest Architect. London: The Royal Institute of British Architects.
Agnoletto, M. (2009). Renzo Piano. Milan: Motta.
Anand, M. R. (1963). Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya. Marg 1, 61-62.
Appleby, P. (2011). Integrated sustainable design of buildings. Washington: Earthscan.
Attmann, O. (2010). Green architecture: advanced technologies and materials. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.
Borgos, E. and Foster, N. (1999). Foster and Partners, Palacio de Congresos de Valencia. Valencia: AUMSA.
Borowy, I. (2014). Defining sustainable development for our common future: a history of the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission). New York: Routledge.
Broto Comerma, C. (2011). Arquitectura sostenible. Barcelona: Links Books.
Brown, G. Z.(2013). Sun, wind, and light: architectural design strategies. Hoboken: Wiley.
Cassigoli, R. (2005). Renzo Piano: la responsabilidad del arquitecto, conversación con Renzo Cassigoli. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
Chambers, N. B. (2011). Urban Green: Architecture for the Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cinqualbre, O. (2007). Richard Rogers+Architects: From the House to the City Exhibition. Paris: Editions du Centre Pompidou.
Conforti, C. and Dal Co, F. (2007). Renzo Piano: gli schizzi. Milan: Electa.
Corrado, M. (2004). La casa ecológica. Barcelona: De Vecchi Ediciones.
Correa, Ch. (1989). The New Landscape: Urbanization in the Third World. New York: A Mimar Book-Concept Media.
Correa, Ch. (2000). Housing and urbanisation. New York: Thames & Hudson.
Correa, Ch. (2010). A place in the shade: the new landscape & other essays. New Delhi: Penguin Books India.
Costa Durán, S. (2010). La casa ecológica: ideas prácticas para un hogar ecológico y saludable. Barcelona: Loft Publications.
Davies, C. and Lambot, I. (1997). Commerzbank Frankfurt: prototype of an ecological high-rise. Basel: Birkhäuser.
Doherty, Sh. (2008). Heathrow’s Terminal 5: history in the making. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Ebben, O. (2009). Kanchanjunga Apartments. Delft: Delft University of Technology.
Edwards, B. (2009). Guía básica de la sostenibilidad. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
Eleb-Vidal, M. and Simon Ph. (2013). Entre confort, désir et normes: le logement contemporain, 1995-2012. Brussels: Mardaga.
Flint, G., Healy, D. and Monaghan, A. (2012). Shard London Bridge. The Arup Journal, 2, 93-97.
Foster Associates (1986). Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. The Architectural Review 1070, 30-117.
----- (1986). Hongkong & Shanghai Bank. Domus 674, 34-47.
----- (1986). The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, GA Document 16, 2-140.
Foster, N. and Abel, Ch. (2010). Beijing international airport. New York: Prestel Pub.
----- (2011). The Reichstag.New York: Prestel Pub.
Gauzin-Müller, D. (2006). La arquitectura ecológica: 29 ejemplos europeos. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
Gelder, A. J. van, Witte, H. J. L. and Heaton, P. (2006). A ground source energy plant for the New Assembly for Wales. ECOSTOCK-The Tenth International Conference on Thermal Energy Storage. New Jersey: Richard Stockton College.
Guenther, R. (2013). Sustainable healthcare architecture. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Hart, S. (2011). Ecoarchitecture. The Work of Ken Yeang. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Hausladen, G. (2012). Building to suit the climate: a handbook. Basel: Birkhäuser.
Heleno, R. et al. (2014). Ecological networks: delving into the architecture of biodiversity. London: Royal Society.
Hernández Pezzi, C. (2012). Un vitruvio ecológico: principios y práctica del proyecto arquitectónico sostenible. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
Hesse, J. M.; Asensio Almodóvar, F. (2008). Nueva Terminal del Aeropuerto de Madrid-Barajas. Revista de Obras Públicas 3484, 20-55.
International Union of Architects (1993). Declaration of Interdependence for a Sustainable Future, World Congress of Architecture, Chicago, 18-21 June.
Jenkins, D. (2011). Norman Foster works 6. New York: Prestel Pub.
Jodidio, Ph. (2005). Renzo Piano. Los Angeles: Taschen.
----- (2009). Arquitectura ecológica hoy. Madrid: Taschen.
Jones, D. Ll. (2002). Arquitectura y entorno. El diseño de la construcción bioclimática. Barcelona: Art Blume.
Kibert, Ch. J.(2012). Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Kim, J-J. and Rigdon, B., (1998). Sustainable Architecture Module: Introduction to Sustainable Design. Michigan: College of Architecture and Urban Planning, The University of Michigan.
Köb, E. (1995). Herzog & de Meuron: Sammlung Goetz. Stuttgart: Hatje, 1995.
Krauel Vilaseca, J. (2012). Arquitectura para un futuro sostenible. Barcelona: Links Books.
Kruger, A. (2013). Green building: principles and practices in residential construction. Clifton Park: Delmar Cengage Learning.
Lopez, R. (2012). The built environment and public health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Mack, G. (2009). Herzog & de Meuron, 1997-2001. Basel: Birkhäuser.
Mateo, J. Ll. (1991). Herzog & de Meuron. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
Matthews, K. (2007). Dominus in Depth. ArchitectureWeek 339.
Melvin, J. (2013). Richard Rogers: inside out. London: Royal Academy of Arts.
Minke, G. (2006). Building with earth: design and technology of a sustainable architecture. Boston: Birkhauser-Publishers for Architecture.
Moore, R. (2002). The world of Herzog. Domus 844, 44-47.
Muller, B. (2014).Ecology and the architectural imagination. New York: Routledge.
Nouvel, J. (2007).Torre Agbar: dialogues avec Barcelona. Barcelona:Lunwerg.
----- (2008). Jean Nouvel by Jean Nouvel. Paris: Taschen.
Ouroussoff, N. (2010). In Arabian Desert, a Sustainable City Rises. The New York Times, September 25.
Parker, J. (2012). Building the Shard. Ingenia, 52, 24-30.
Powell, K. (2006).Richard Rogers: architecture of the future. Boston: Birkhäuser.
Rogers, R. (2005). Richard Rogers Partnership. Barcelona: Loft Publications.
----- (2008). Ciudades para un pequeño planeta. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
Sassi, P. (2006). Strategies for sustainable architecture. London: Routledge.
Schröpfer, Th. (2012). Ecological urban architecture: qualitative approaches to sustainability. Basel: Birkhauser Architecture.
Siret, D. (2004). Généalogie du brise-soleil dans l’œuvre de Le Corbusier. Cahiers thématiques 4, 169-181.
Stanton, Ch. (2010). Masdar City completion pushed back, but total cost falls. The National, October 10.
Stiller, M. (2012). Quality lighting for high performance buildings. Lilburn: Fairmont Press.
Stungo, N. (2002). Herzog & de Meuron. Rivas-Vaciamadrid: Asppan.
Sudjic, D. (2012). Norman Foster: a life in architecture. London: Phoenix.
Terence, R. (1995). Light construction. New York: Museum of Modern Art.
Trombe, F. (1957). Considérations générales sur l’énergie solaire, son captage, son utilisation. Paris: Centre de perfectionnement technique.
Turrent, D. (2007). Sustainable architecture. London: Riba Pub.
Uffelen, Ch. van (2009). Ecological architecture. Salenstein: Braun.
----- (2013). Eco living. Salenstein: Braun.
United Nations (1993). Conference on Environment and Development. Rio de Janeiro, 1992. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
Vale, B. and Vale, R. (1975). The Autonomous House. New York: Universe Books.
----- (1991). Towards a Green Architecture: six practical case studies. London: The Royal Institute of British Architects.
----- (1992). Green Architecture: Design for an Energy-Conscious Future. Boston: Bulfinch Press Little Brown and Company.
----- (2000). The New Autonomous House. London: Thames & Hudson.
----- (2008). New Domestic Detailing. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
----- (2009). Time to Eat the Dog? The Real Guide to Sustainable Living. London: Thames & Hudson.
Walsh, B. (2011). Masdar City: The World’s Greenest City? Time, January 25.
Wang, W. (1990). Herzog & de Meuron: projects and buildings, 1982-1990. New York: Rizzoli.
Wang, W. (2004). Herzog & de Meuron. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
Wines, J. (2008). Green architecture. London: Taschen.
Yeang, K. (1994). Bioclimatic skyscrapers. London: Artemis.
----- (1995). Designing with nature. The ecological basis for architectural design. New York: McGraw-Hill.
------ (1999). The green skyscraper. The basis for designing sustainable intensive buildings. Munich: Prestel Verlag, p. 31.
----- (2002). Reinventing the skyscraper: a vertical theory of urban design. Chichester: Wiley-Academy.
----- (2007). Eco skyscrapers. Mulgrave: Images Publishing.
----- (2008). EcoDesign: a manual for ecological design. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
----- (2009). Ecomasterplanning. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Zrikem, Z. and Bilgen, E. (1987). Theoretical study of a composite Trombe-Michel wall solar collector system. Solar Energy 39, 409-419.
Works published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
- The Service of Publications from the University of Murcia (publishing house) keeps the published works’ copyrights, and favors and allows the reuse of these works under the license indicated in point 2.
- Works are published in the journal’s online edition under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España(texto legal). They can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly exhibited, as long as: i) the author and original source of publication are cited (journal, publishing house and work’s URL); ii) they are not used for commercial purposes; iii) the existence and specifications of this license are mentioned.
3. Conditions for auto-file. It is allowed and encouraged that authors share electronically their pre-print version (the pre-reviewed version) and /or post-print version (the reviewed and accepted version) of their Works before the publication, since it promotes its circulation and dissemination. RoMEO color: green.
