Regulación, Supervisión y Conservadurismo Contable: La Interacción de los Tres Pilares de Basilea II con la Calidad de los Resultados Reportados en la Banca Mundial

Regulation, Supervision and Accounting Conservatism: The Interaction of the Three Pillars of Basel II on the Quality of Reported Earnings in Worldwide Banks

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.438811
Palabras clave: Conservadurismo contable, Supervisión bancaria, Reconocimiento de pérdidas por préstamos, Disciplina de mercado

Resumen

El conservadurismo contable es una cualidad de las ganancias asociada positivamente con la solidez de la regulación y supervisión bancaria y también con la alta disciplina del mercado, pero aún queda la cuestión sin resolver de la forma en que estos tres pilares de Basilea II interactúan entre sí. Analizamos cómo los regímenes regulatorios y de supervisión en la industria bancaria interactúan claramente con las medidas de disciplina del mercado, como si cotizan o no, la distinta estructura de propiedad, la concentración del mercado y los requisitos de divulgación en una muestra de 14.651 observaciones de 54 países diferentes durante los diez años anteriores al fallo de Basilea II.

Según nuestros hallazgos, existe una clara correlación entre la fortaleza de la regulación y la supervisión bancaria y el nivel del conservadurismo contable en países donde la disciplina de mercado es débil. Es decir, el poder de supervisión refuerza el efecto del estatus de cotización, la propiedad y la concentración sobre el conservadurismo, mientras que el sistema de regulación de capital mitiga el efecto de la disciplina de mercado sobre el conservadurismo. También evidenciamos que, en un sistema regulatorio poderoso, más requisitos de divulgación están asociados con políticas menos conservadoras en las entidades financieras.

Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen al debate sobre si los fuertes incrementos en la regulación bancaria, y el mayor poder de supervisión introducidos en el mecanismo de Basilea III están justificados ante fallos en la disciplina de mercado introducida por Basilea II. La calidad del resultado contable se puede mejorar para prevenir quiebras bancarias mediante la aplicación de fuertes Pilares I y II, es decir, regulación y supervisión. Dicho esto, la disciplina del mercado sigue siendo un factor clave para lograr la estabilidad financiera, pero sigue sin ser el más relevante.

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Publicado
01-07-2023
Cómo citar
Díaz-Sánchez, I., Martinez-Conesa, I., & Illueca-Muñoz, M. (2023). Regulación, Supervisión y Conservadurismo Contable: La Interacción de los Tres Pilares de Basilea II con la Calidad de los Resultados Reportados en la Banca Mundial: Regulation, Supervision and Accounting Conservatism: The Interaction of the Three Pillars of Basel II on the Quality of Reported Earnings in Worldwide Banks. Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review, 26(2), 330–342. https://doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.438811
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