Conservadurismo contable y condiciones económicas: evidencia en los países PIGS y en Reino Unido
Accounting conservatism and economic conditions: Evidence from the GIPS and the UK
Resumen
En este artículo se analiza si el nivel de práctica contable conservadora está asociado con las condiciones económicas de Portugal, Irlanda, Grecia y España (PIGS) y el Reino Unido. Para ello, se estudia el conservadurismo condicional en torno a la crisis financiera global de 2007/08, utilizando un enfoque que consiste en examinar dos etapas de la crisis, que denotamos como la etapa anterior a la crisis y la etapa posterior a la crisis. Además, se examina el impacto de la intensidad de los cambios económicos y de los factores institucionales comparando el conservadurismo en los países PIGS, que se vieron más afectados por la crisis, con el Reino Unido. Los resultados son consistentes con una práctica contable conservadora en esos países durante el periodo de muestra (de 1998 a 2018). Además, se encuentran evidencias de una disminución de la contabilidad conservadora en la primera etapa de la crisis y un aumento en la etapa posterior. Además, los resultados sugieren una sensibilidad incremental del conservadurismo en los países que se vieron más gravemente afectados por la crisis financiera. Los resultados son coherentes con el hecho de que los gestores ajustan la información financiera en respuesta al entorno económico; a veces parecen responder a la demanda de una práctica conservadora por parte de las partes interesadas, pero otras veces actúan como si quisieran engañar a los agentes externos. Por tanto, este estudio aporta algunas ideas al debate sobre el uso del conservadurismo contable y su relación con las condiciones económicas.
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