Educación inclusiva, voz del alumnado, investigación y participación: una revisión sistemática (2014-2024)
Resumen
Este trabajo revisa las investigaciones publicadas entre 2014 y 2024 sobre la voz del alumnado en la educación inclusiva. La revisión se realiza en las principales bases de datos internacionales, siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Se obtienen 46 estudios empíricos cualitativos desarrollados en la etapa de educación obligatoria. Los resultados evidencian que en los estudios desarrollados en educación secundaria participan grupos específicos de estudiantes categorizados por diagnósticos o dificultades específicas, mientras que en los desarrollados en la educación primaria se incluyen a todos los estudiantes, independientemente de etiquetas. Se observa que la mayoría de los estudios utilizan la entrevista, la observación y el grupo focal, menos frecuente es la utilización de métodos visuales-colaborativos. Se discute la tensión entre visibilizar las voces de estudiantes tradicionalmente marginados y reproducir categorías excluyentes, así como la relevancia de las técnicas creativas, como la foto-elicitación y la narración visual, para construir una presencia más inclusiva y auténtica. Se concluye que la participación del alumnado está condicionada por la etapa educativa en la que se desarrolla la investigación, y la necesidad de fortalecer el uso de métodos no convencionales que puedan subvertir las relaciones de poder y concretar una presencia más radical del alumnado.
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