La Motivación Intrínseca y el Disfrute como Factores Clave en la Relación con la Calidad Percibida del Comportamiento del Instructor de Fitness: Potenciando la Adherencia al Ejercicio
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue: (1) identificar las relaciones entre la percepción del comportamiento de los instructores de fitness y la motivación intrínseca de los practicantes, (2) examinar las diferencias entre los practicantes atendiendo a las características sociodemográficas, (3) y identificar el potencial predictivo de las dimensiones de las dos escalas. Participaron en la investigación 220 individuos que realizaban ejercicio físico en un centro de fitness/club de salud. Los resultados indican correlaciones significativas entre la percepción del comportamiento del instructor de fitness y la motivación intrínseca de los praticantes, con diferencias en los aspectos sociodemográficos de los practicantes y en la capacidad predictiva de las distintas variables. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de fomentar interacciones de alta calidad entre el instructor de fitness y los individuos que hacen ejercicio para mejorar la motivación intrínseca y la adherencia al ejercicio a largo plazo.
Descargas
Citas
Amorose, A. J., & Smith, P. J. (2003). Feedback as a source of physical competence information: Effects of age, experience and type of feedback. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(3), 341-359. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.3.341
Anshel, M. H. (2005). Applied exercise psychology: A practitioner’s guide to improving client health and fitness. Springer Publishing Company.
Ato, M., Lopez, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). A classification system for research designs in psychology. Anales de psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Ayotte, B. J., Margrett, J. A., & Hicks-Patrick, J. (2010). Physical activity in middle-aged and young-old adults: the roles of self-efficacy, barriers, outcome expectancies, self-regulatory behaviors and social support. Journal of Health Psychology, 15(2), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309342283
Barbosa, H. F., Barbosa, J., Sabino, B., & Loureiro, V. (2022). Determinants of service quality influencing customer satisfaction in fitness centers: A systematic review. European Journal Of Human Movement, 49. doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2022.49.3
Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., & Thgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2009). A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: Implications for sports coaches. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(2), 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/17509840903235330
Bauman, A. E., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., Wells, J. C., Loos, R. J., & Martin, B. W. (2012). Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet, 380(9838), 258-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451-1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
Calder, A. J., Hargreaves, E. A., & Hodge, K. (2020). Great Expectations: A Qualitative Analysis of the Factors That Influence Affective Forecasts for Exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020551
Campos, F. J. A., da Costa Simões, V. A., & Franco, S. (2017). Qualidade do comportamento do instrutor em atividades de grupo de fitness. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 12(2), 249-259.
Campos, F., ML Martins, F., Gomes, R., Zylberberg, T., Mendes, S., & Damásio, A. S. (2021). Importância atribuída no fitness segundo o rendimento líquido mensal dos praticantes. Retos, 40, 336-343. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.81957
Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Hagger, M. S. (2009). Effects of an intervention based on self-determination theory on self-reported leisure-time physical activity participation. Psychology & Health, 24(1), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440701809533
Choi, J., Lee, M., Lee, J. K., Kang, D., & Choi, J. Y. (2017). Correlates associated with participation in physical activity among adults: a systematic review of reviews and update. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4255-2
Cid, L., Monteiro, D., Teixeira, D., Teques, P., Alves, S., Moutão, J., Silva, M., & Palmeira, A. (2018). The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) Portuguese-Version: Evidence of Reliability, Validity and Invariance Across Gender. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1940. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01940
Coté, J., Saimela, J., Trudel, P., Baria, A., & Russell, S. (1995). The coaching model: A grounded assessment of expert gymnastic coaches’ knowledge. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.1.1.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 49(3), 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012801
Durán-Vinagre, M.Á., Feu, S.&Sánchez-Herrera, S. (2024). Motives for engaging in physical activity and psycho-educational variables of university students. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 24(2), 35-54. http://doi.org/ 10.6018/cpd.588281
Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2006). A test of self-determination theory in the exercise domain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36(9), 2240-2265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00102.x
Ekkekakis, P., Hall, E. E., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2005). Some like it vigorous: Measuring individual differences in the preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 27(3), 350-374. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.27.3.350
Ekkekakis, P., Parfitt, G., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2011). The pleasure and displeasure people feel when they exercise at different intensities: decennial update and progress towards a tripartite rationale for exercise intensity prescription. Sports Medicine, 41, 641-671. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000
Evans, M. B., Cooke, L. M., Murray, R. A., & Wilson, A. E. (2014). The sooner, the better: exercise outcome proximity and intrinsic motivation. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 6(3), 347-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12032
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
Fonseca, A. M., & de Paula Brito, A. (2001). Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMIp) em contextos de actividade física e desportiva. Análise Psicológica, 19(1), 59-76.
Fortier, M. S., Duda, J. L., Guerin, E., & Teixeira, P. J. (2012). Promoting physical activity: development and testing of self-determination theory-based interventions. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-20
Franco, S., Simões, V., Santos-Rocha, R., Vieira, I., Ramalho, F., & Ramos, L. (2024). Tendencias de Fitness en Portugal para 2024 (Fitness Trends in Portugal for 2024). Retos, 57, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.105198
Giulianotti, R. (2015). Sport: A critical sociology. John Wiley & Sons.
Gjestvang, C., Abrahamsen, F., Stensrud, T., & Haakstad, L. A. H. (2020). Motives and barriers to initiation and sustained exercise adherence in a fitness club setting-A one-year follow-up study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(9), 1796-1805. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13736
Gjestvang, C., Abrahamsen, F., Stensrud, T., & Haakstad, L. A. H. (2021). What Makes Individuals Stick to Their Exercise Regime? A One-Year Follow-Up Study Among Novice Exercisers in a Fitness Club Setting. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 638928. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638928
Glaveli, N., Papadimitriou, D., Karagiorgos, T., & Alexandris, K. (2023). Exploring the role of fitness instructors’ interaction quality skills in building customer trust in the service provider and customer satisfaction. European Sport Management Quarterly, 23(3), 767-788. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1928256
Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. The Lancet. Global health, 6(10), e1077-e1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
Haerens, L., Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., & Van Petegem, S. (2015). Do perceived autonomy-supportive and controlling teaching relate to physical education students’ motivational experiences through unique pathways? Distinguishing between the bright and dark side of motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.013
Harriss, D. J., MacSween, A., & Atkinson, G. (2019). Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research: 2020 Update. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(13), 813-817. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1015-3123
Hernández, E. H., Lozano-Jiménez, J. E., de Roba Noguera, J. M., & Moreno-Murcia, J. A. (2022). Relationships among instructor autonomy support, and university students’ learning approaches, perceived professional competence, and life satisfaction. PloS One, 17(4), e0266039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266039
Howley, E. T., & Thompson, D. L. (2022). Fitness professional’s handbook. Human Kinetics.
Iacobucci, D., Posavac, S. S., Kardes, F. R., Schneider, M. J., & Popovich, D. L. (2015). The median split: Robust, refined, and revived. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(4), 690-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2015.06.014
Ingledew, D. K., & Markland, D. (2008). The role of motives in exercise participation. Psychology and Health, 23(7), 807-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440701405704
Jekauc, D., Völkle, M., Wagner, M. O., Mess, F., Reiner, M., & Renner, B. (2015). Prediction of attendance at fitness center: a comparison between the theory of planned behavior, the social cognitive theory, and the physical activity maintenance theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00121
Kaushal, N., & Rhodes, R. E. (2015). Exercise habit formation in new gym members: a longitudinal study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(4), 652-663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9640-7
Kilpatrick, M. W., Greeley, S. J., & Collins, L. H. (2015). The impact of continuous and interval cycle exercise on affect and enjoyment. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 86(3), 244-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2015.1015673
Koka, A., & Hein, V. (2005). The effect of perceived teacher feedback on intrinsic motivation in physical education. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 36(2), 91. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781718206632.ch-008
Kopp, P. M., Senner, V., Kehr, H. M., & Groepel, P. (2020). Achievement motive, autonomous motivation, and attendance at fitness center: A longitudinal prospective study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51, 101758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101758
Manninen, M., Dishman, R., Hwang, Y., Magrum, E., Deng, Y., & Yli-Piipari, S. (2022). Self-determination theory based instructional interventions and motivational regulations in organized physical activity: A systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 62, 102248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102248
Mayo, X., Liguori, G., Iglesias-Soler, E., Copeland, R. J., Clavel San Emeterio, I., Lowe, A., Del Villar, F., & Jimenez, A. (2019). The active living gender’s gap challenge: 2013-2017 Eurobarometers physical inactivity data show constant higher prevalence in women with no progress towards global reduction goals. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1677. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8039-8
McAuley, E., Wraith, S., & Duncan, T. E. (1991). Self-Efficacy, Perceptions of Success, and Intrinsic Motivation for Exercise. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21(2), 139-155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00493.x
Middelkamp, J., van Rooijen, M., Wolfhagen, P., & Steenbergen, B. (2017). The Effects of a Self-Efficacy Intervention on Exercise Behavior of Fitness Club Members in 52 Weeks and Long-Term Relationships of Transtheoretical Model Constructs. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(2), 163-171.
Molanorouzi, K., Khoo, S., & Morris, T. (2015). Motives for adult participation in physical activity: type of activity, age, and gender. BMC Public Health, 15, 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1429-7
Ng, J. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., & Williams, G. C. (2012). Self-Determination Theory Applied to Health Contexts: A Meta-Analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science: a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 7(4), 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612447309
Ntoumanis, N., Ng, J. Y. Y., Prestwich, A., Quested, E., Hancox, J. E., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Lonsdale, C., & Williams, G. C. (2021). A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health. Health Psychology Review, 15(2), 214-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529
Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Reeve, J., & Cheon, S. H. (2017). Need-supportive communication: Implications for motivation in sport, exercise, and physical activity. In Persuasion and Communication in Sport, Exercise, and Physical Activity (pp. 155-169). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315624365-10
Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Quested, E., & Hancox, J. (2017). The effects of training group exercise class instructors to adopt a motivationally adaptive communication style. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(9), 1026-1034. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12713
Oman, R., & McAuley, E. (1993). Intrinsic motivation and exercise behavior. Journal of Health Education, 24(4), 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10556699.1993.10610052
Papaioannou, A., Bebetsos, E., Theodorakis, Y., Christodoulidis, T., & Kouli, O. (2006). Causal relationships of sport and exercise involvement with goal orientations, perceived competence and intrinsic motivation in physical education: A longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(4), 367-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400022060
Puente, R., & Anshel, M. H. (2010). Exercisers’ perceptions of their fitness instructor’s interacting style, perceived competence, and autonomy as a function of self-determined regulation to exercise, enjoyment, affect, and exercise frequency. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00723.x
Reeve, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Assor, A., Ahmad, I., Cheon, S. H., Jang, H., ... & Wang, C. J. (2014). The beliefs that underlie autonomy-supportive and controlling teaching: A multinational investigation. Motivation and Emotion, 38, 93-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-013-9367-0
Rhodes, R. E., & Kates, A. (2015). Can the Affective Response to Exercise Predict Future Motives and Physical Activity Behavior? A Systematic Review of Published Evidence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 49(5), 715-731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5
Richard, M., Christina, M. F., Deborah, L. S., Rubio, N., & Kennon, M. S. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal Sport Psycholy, 28(4), 335-354.
Riseth, L., Nøst, T. H., Nilsen, T. I., & Steinsbekk, A. (2019). Long-term members’ use of fitness centers: A qualitative study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 11, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-019-0114-z
Rodrigues, F., & Macedo, R. (2021). Exercise promotion: reviewing the importance of health professionals’ interpersonal behaviors on exercisers’ basic psychological needs. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(2), 800-812. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512520983078
Rodrigues, F., Bento, T., Cid, L., Pereira Neiva, H., Teixeira, D., Moutão, J., Almeida Marinho, D., & Monteiro, D. (2018). Can Interpersonal Behavior Influence the Persistence and Adherence to Physical Exercise Practice in Adults? A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02141
Rodrigues, F., Pelletier, L. G., Rocchi, M., Neiva, H. P., Teixeira, D. S., Cid, L., ... & Monteiro, D. (2021). Trainer-exerciser relationship: The congruency effect on exerciser psychological needs using response surface analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31(1), 226-241. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13825
Rodrigues, F., Teixeira, D. S., Neiva, H. P., Cid, L., & Monteiro, D. (2020a). The bright and dark sides of motivation as predictors of enjoyment, intention, and exercise persistence. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(4), 787-800. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13617
Rodrigues, F., Teixeira, D. S., Neiva, H. P., Cid, L., & Monteiro, D. (2020b). Understanding exercise adherence: The predictability of past experience and motivational determinants. Brain Sciences, 10(2), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10020098
Rodrigues, F., Teixeira, D., Cid, L., & Monteiro, D. (2019). Have you been exercising lately? Testing the role of past behavior on exercise adherence. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(10), 1482-1493. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319878243
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford publications. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
Sallis R. E. (2009). Exercise is medicine and physicians need to prescribe it!. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(1), 3-4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.054825
Salvo, D., Garcia, L., Reis, R. S., Stankov, I., Goel, R., Schipperijn, J., Hallal, P. C., Ding, D., & Pratt, M. (2021). Physical Activity Promotion and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: Building Synergies to Maximize Impact. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 18(10), 1163-1180. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0413
Sampaio, A. R., Pimenta, N. J., Machado, M., & Teques, P. (2020). Development and validation of the Fitness Coaching Behavior Scale: Factor structure, validity and reliability. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 37, 687-693. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.74344
Sperandei, S., Vieira, M. C., & Reis, A. C. (2016). Adherence to physical activity in an unsupervised setting: Explanatory variables for high attrition rates among fitness center members. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(11), 916-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.522
Teixeira, D. S., Silva, M. N., & Palmeira, A. L. (2018). How does frustration make you feel? A motivational analysis in exercise context. Motivation and Emotion, 42(3), 419-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9690-6
Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78
Teques, P., Calmeiro, L., Silva, C., & Borrego, C. (2020). Validation and adaptation of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in fitness group exercisers. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(4), 352-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2017.09.010
Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., & Ntoumanis, N. (2006). The role of self-determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(4), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500131670
Tsai, T.-H., Wong, A. M., Lee, H.-F., & Tseng, K. C. (2022). A Study on the Motivation of Older Adults to Participate in Exercise or Physical Fitness Activities. Sustainability, 14(10), 6355. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106355
Vallerand, J. R., & Young, B. W. (2014). Are adult sportspersons and exercisers that different? Exploring how motives predict commitment and lapses. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(4), 339-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2014.932823
Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(3), 263. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032359
Vuckovic, V., & Duric, S. (2024). Motivational variations in fitness: a population study of exercise modalities, gender and relationship status. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1377947. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377947
Warburton, V. E., Wang, J. C., Bartholomew, K. J., Tuff, R. L., & Bishop, K. C. (2020). Need satisfaction and need frustration as distinct and potentially co-occurring constructs: Need profiles examined in physical education and sport. Motivation and Emotion, 44, 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09798-2
Williams, D. M., Papandonatos, G. D., Napolitano, M. A., Lewis, B. A., Whiteley, J. A., & Marcus, B. H. (2006). Perceived enjoyment moderates the efficacy of an individually tailored physical activity intervention. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(3), 300-309. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.28.3.300
Wilson, P.M., & Rodgers, W.M. (2007). Self-determination theory, exercise, and well-being. In M. Hagger & N. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 101-112). Human Kinetics.
Wininger S. R. (2002). Instructors’ and classroom characteristics associated with exercise enjoyment by females. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94(2), 395-398. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.395
Woolley, K., & Fishbach, A. (2018). It’s about time: Earlier rewards increase intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(6), 877. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000116
-
Resumen19
-
(81-100) Intrinsic Motiva...13
Las obras que se publican en esta revista están sujetas a los siguientes términos:
1. El Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (la editorial) conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright) de las obras publicadas, y favorece y permite la reutilización de las mismas bajo la licencia de uso indicada en el punto 2.
2. Las obras se publican en la edición electrónica de la revista bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (texto legal). Se pueden copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente, siempre que: i) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); ii) no se usen para fines comerciales; iii) se mencione la existencia y especificaciones de esta licencia de uso.
3. Condiciones de auto-archivo. Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir electrónicamente las versiones pre-print (versión antes de ser evaluada) y/o post-print (versión evaluada y aceptada para su publicación) de sus obras antes de su publicación, ya que favorece su circulación y difusión más temprana y con ello un posible aumento en su citación y alcance entre la comunidad académica. Color RoMEO: verde.
