ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. IN CLINICAL SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM CANIDS AND FELINES: ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY/RESISTANCE STUDY
Abstract
The bacterial genus Staphylococcus spp. includes very ubiquitous bacterial species, common colonisers of humans and animals, which exert their pathogenic action in an opportunistic manner, based on predisposing factors. Within the genus, the most relevant species are S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius, both related to dermatological processes in dogs. Staphylococci have developed antibiotic resistance mechanisms, such as the mecA gene, which confers resistance to methicillin, and thus to the full range of β-lactam antibiotics. The zoonotic risk of these microorganisms is high, with transient colonisations which, in the case of immunosuppression or other predisposing factors, can also lead to infections in humans. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify staphylococci from clinical samples of veterinary cases in canids and felids, in order to subsequently carry out a study of antibiotic resistance, by means of antibiograms with a selection of representative antibiotics, and the detection of the mecA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which allows the staphylococci isolated in this study to be classified as sensitive (MSS) or methicillin-resistant (MRS), or as multi-resistant. A total of 13 staphylococcal isolates were isolated from the 16 samples tested, all from canids. Microbiological diagnosis revealed that 84.62% of the isolates were coagulasepositive staphylococci (CPS): S. aureus/Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG); and the rest (15.38%) were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS): S. lentus and S. xylosus. High phenotypic values of antibiotic resistance were detected, especially against β-lactams, where 100% of the strains isolated in this study were resistant to natural penicillin, and more than 45% were resistant to other antibiotics of the same group. In addition, molecular analysis by PCR showed that 23.08% of the staphylococcal isolates were MRS.
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