ECOCARDIOGRAFÍA DOPPLER PULSADO Y TISULAR EN PERROS CON ENFERMEDAD MITRAL DEGENERATIVA CRÓNICA ESTADIO C ESTABLE
Resumen
La enfermedad mitral degenerativa crónica (EMCD) es la valvulopatía adquirida más frecuente en perros de raza pequeña y edad avanzada que es responsable de insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva. La ecocardiografía es el método de elección para efectuar el diagnóstico, clasificar a los pacientes y monitorizar el tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la utilidad del Doppler pulsado del flujo transmitral y Doppler tisular para evaluar la funcionalidad cardiaca en perros con enfermedad mitral degenerativa crónica en estadio C. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio 5 perros con EMDC en estadio C y 5 perros sanos de edades y pesos similares. Se seleccionó de los historial clínico de cada perro los datos de la reseña y siguientes parámetros ecocardiográficos: ratio AI/Ao, velocidades flujo transmitral (E, A y ratio E/A), velocidades del anillo mitral (lateral y medial) y radial en eje corto mediante Doppler tisular (S´, E´ y A´), ratio E/E´ y parámetros de funcionalidad del ventrículo derecho (excursión sistólica del plano del anillo tricúspide-TAPSE-, y Doppler tisular del anillo tricúspide lateral (S´, E´ y A´)). Resultados: once de los diecinueve parámetros evaluados resultaron diferentes de forma significativa entre animales sanos y enfermos: elevación ratio AI/Ao, Vmax E, ratio E/A, E´ en las tres regiones, S´ (lateral y medial), ratio E/E´, E´ y S´ del ventrículo derecho. Conclusiones: la elevación de los parámetros del Doppler tisular indica que la funcionalidad tanto del ventrículo izquierdo como derecho esta mantenida en perros con EMCD estadio C estable. Estos perros presentan presiones de llenado del ventrículo izquierdo muy elevadas (Vmax E; ratio E/A).
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