Actitudes de emprendimiento y los "Cinco Grandes": una comparación intercultural entre España y Estados Unidos

Autores/as

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.459511
Palabras clave: Emprendimiento, Personalidad, Toma de riesgos, Género, Intercultural

Resumen

La cultura puede interactuar con la personalidad para facilitar o inhibir las conductas emprendedoras.  296 estudiantes universitarios en Estados Unidos y 257 en España completaron el inventario de los Cinco Grandes de Personalidad y la escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes (Media de edad = 20.16 años; DT = 3.39). Se hipotetiza que, a través de culturas, conciencia y apertura serán predictores de mayor toma de riesgos, mientras neuroticismo y amigabilidad lo harán en negativo. Las variables de personalidad explican una mayor proporción de varianza en actitudes emprendedoras en los datos estadounidenses. Las asociaciones entre las dimensiones de personalidad y emprendimiento varían considerablemente por país y género. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas significativas entre conciencia y toma de riesgos solo en hombres españoles. El neuroticismo correlaciona negativa y significativamente con la toma de riesgos, solo en el caso de los participantes americanos.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Acemoglu, D., & Pischke, J. (1998). Why do firms train? Theory and evidence. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(1), 79-119. https://doi.org/10.3386/w5605.

Allik J, &. McCrae RR. (2004). Toward a geography of personality traits: Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022103260382

Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (1998). Los Cinco Grandes across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait-multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 729-750. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.75.3.729

Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: a look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.007

Brockhaus, R. H. (1980). Psychological and environmental factors which distinguish the successful from the unsuccessful entrepreneur: a longitudinal study. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1980(1), 368–372. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1980.4977943

Bustelo, M. (2016). Three Decades of State Feminism and Gender Equality Policies in Multi-governed Spain. Sex Roles, 74, 107-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0381-9

Byrnes, J. P., Miller, D. C., & Schafer, W. D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 367-383. https://doi.org/ 10.1037//0033-2909.125.3.367

Chatterjee, S., Dutta Gupta, S.D., & Upadhyay, P. (2018). Empowering women and stimulating development at bottom of pyramid through micro-entrepreneurship. Management Decision, 56, 1, 160-174. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2017-0296

Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., & House, R. J. (Eds.). (2007). Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203936665

Ferreras-Garcia, R.,Hernández-Lara, A. B., Serradell-López, E. (2020). Gender and learning results: a study on their relationship in entrepreneurship education and business plans, Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1723525

Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in SEM. In G. R. Hancock & R. O. Mueller (Eds.), Structural Equation Modelling: A Second Course (pp. 269-314). Information Age Publishing.

Gupta, V., & Fernandez, C. (2009). Cross-cultural similarities and differences in characteristics attributed to entrepreneurs: A three-nation study. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 15, 304-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051808326036

Hahn, D., Minola, T., Bosio, G., & Cassia, L. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education on university students’ entrepreneurial skills: a family embeddedness perspective. Small Business Economics, 55(1), 257-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00143-y

Hayton, J. C., George, G., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 24, 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600403

Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.

John, O.P. & Srivastava, S. (1999) The Big Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives. In: Pervin, L.A. and John, O.P. Eds., Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, Vol. 2, Guilford Press, 102-138.

Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford.

Laurent, A. (1980). Once a Frenchman, always a Frenchman… International Management, 35, 6, 45-46.

Moral-Arce, I., Sperlich, S., Fernández-Saínz, A. I., & Roca, M. J. (2012). Trends in the gender pay gap in Spain: A semiparametric analysis. Journal of Labor Research, 33(2), 173-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-011-9124-7

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2018). Mplus User's Guide Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables (7th ed.). Authors.

O’Connell, J. J., Prieto, J. M., & Gutierrez, C. (2007). Managerial culture and leadership in Spain. In. Chhokar, J.S. Brodbck, F. C. & House, R.J. (Eds). F. C. Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies (pp. 623-654).

Oliver, A., & Galiana, L. (2015). Development and validation of the Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes (EAEE). The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.14

Rico, P., & Cabrer-Borrás, B. (2018). Gender differences in self-employment in Spain. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-09-2017-0059

Schmitt, D. P., Allik, J., McCrae, R. R., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2007). The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(2), 173-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297299

Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). "Why can’t a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in big five personality traits across 55 cultures": Correction to Schmitt et al. (2008). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(1), 168-182. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014651

Shane, S. & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. The Academy of Management Review. 25, 217-226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611

Teixeira, A. A., & Vasque, R. (2020). Entrepreneurship And Happiness: Does National Culture Matter? Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 25, 1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946720500077

Valiente, C. (2008). Spain at the vanguard in European gender equality policies. In S. Roth (Ed.), Gender politics in the expanding European Union: Mobilization, inclusion, exclusion (pp. 101-117). Berghahn.

Weber, C. S. (2013). Cultural differences in risk tolerance. Institute of Economics, Working Paper No. 01-2013. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/74ac/1bb6f9c49b85466b4d22ac7d63017a5f6149.pdf

Warnecke, T. (2013). Entrepreneurship and gender: An institutional perspective. Journal of Economic Issues, 47(2), 455-464. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624470219

Zhao, H., & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.259

Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E. & Lumpkin, G. T. (2010). The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36 (2). 381-404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309335187

Zinkhan, G. M., & Karande, K. W. (1991). Cultural and gender differences in risk-taking behavior among American and Spanish decision makers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 131(5), 741-742. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1991.992465

Publicado
01-01-2022
Cómo citar
Oliver, A., Schneider, B. H. ., Galiana, L., Puricelli, D. A., Schwendemann, M., & Tomás, J. M. (2022). Actitudes de emprendimiento y los "Cinco Grandes": una comparación intercultural entre España y Estados Unidos. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 38(1), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.459511
Número
Sección
Psicología social y de las organizaciones

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
2,4 promedio

Reviewer profiles  N/D

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
N/D
32% con financiadores
Competing interests 
N/D
11%
Metric
Para esta revista
Other journals
Articles accepted 
Artículos aceptados: 52%
33% aceptado
Days to publication 
386
145

Indexado: {$indexList}

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Academic society 
N/D
Editora: 
Editum - Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia (España)