La influencia del sexo en la prueba de natación de alta intensidad

Autores/as

  • Javier Moreno Lara Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, España.
  • Inmaculada López León Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, España.
  • Luís Leitão Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología, Escuela Superior de Educación del Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal.
  • Sandro Fernandes da Silva Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad de Lavras, Lavras, Brasil / Grupo de Investigación en Respuestas Neuromusculares (GEPREN), Universidad de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, Brasil.
  • Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, España / Grupo de Investigación en Respuestas Neuromusculares (GEPREN), Universidad de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, Brasil.
  • Raúl Domínguez Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, España / Grupo de Investigación en Respuestas Neuromusculares (GEPREN), Universidad de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, Brasil.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.608401
Palabras clave: Ejercicio, Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad, Lactato, Metabolismo, Esfuerzo Físico

Resumen

Se han reportado diferencias basadas en el sexo en las demandas energéticas y mecánicas de diferentes modalidades de ejercicio; sin embargo, ningún estudio ha analizado la influencia del sexo durante la natación de alta intensidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias basadas en el sexo en la respuesta a una prueba de natación de alta intensidad sobre el rendimiento, la fatiga, las concentraciones de lactato en sangre (BLa) y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (RPE). Un total de 23 nadadores competitivos (11 hombres; 12 mujeres) realizaron 8 series de 50 m a máxima intensidad, con 2 minutos de recuperación entre series. Antes y después del ejercicio se analizó el BLa. Además, la RPE se administró al final de cada serie de 50 m. Se detectaron diferencias en la prueba de natación de alta intensidad según el sexo (η²p = 0,566; p < 0,001) y el tiempo (η²p = 0,233; p < 0,001), pero no para la interacción tiempo·sexo (p > 0,05). Se reportó un efecto del tiempo sobre el BLa (η²p = 0,947; p < 0,001) y la RPE (η²p = 0,559; p < 0,001), pero no del sexo ni de la interacción tiempo·sexo (p > 0,05). Aunque los hombres fueron más rápidos, no se encontraron diferencias en BLa, fatiga ni RPE entre sexos. Estos resultados podrían estar mediados por la naturaleza de máxima intensidad del protocolo, y las implicaciones prácticas sugieren que no es necesario adaptar la carga de entrenamiento en sesiones de natación de alta intensidad según el sexo de los atletas.

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Publicado
24-12-2025
Cómo citar
Moreno Lara, J., López León, I., Leitão, L., Fernandes da Silva, S., Sánchez-Oliver, A. J., & Domínguez, R. (2025). La influencia del sexo en la prueba de natación de alta intensidad. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana De Ciencias Del Deporte, 14, 149. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.608401
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Vol. 14 (2025)
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