Effectiveness of culture-based game exercises on cognitive function in older adults participating in gymnastics

Authors

  • Prijo Sudibjo Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia / Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
  • Sumarni Djoko Waluyo Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
  • Bernadetta Maria Wara Kushartanti Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
  • Sri Sutarni Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
  • Padli Department of Sport Coaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Univeritas Negeri Padang, Indonesia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.652521
Keywords: Culture-Based Game Exercises, Cognitive Function, Older Adults, Gymnastics

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of culture-based game exercise training on the cognitive function of older adults. This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test control design. The research subjects were 40 elderly individuals who are members of the Teratai elderly gymnastics group in the Nogotirto Gamping housing area, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research instruments included the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to measure cognitive function, along with video recordings of physical exercise activities, recordings of culture-based game songs, and exercise props. After being given the intervention of culture-based game exercise training in the intervention group (IG), there was a significant improvement in cognitive function scores from pre-test to post-test (MMSE score: Fh;df=19; α=3.622; p=.003 < .05), and there was a significant difference in the change in MMSE scores between the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG) (Fh;df=19; α=0.280; p = .004 < .05) with a large effect size (d=2.363). In the control group (CG), which engaged in daily activities such as singing culture-based game songs, cognitive function also improved, but the change was not statistically significant (p>.05). In conclusion, culture-based game exercise is effective in improving cognitive function in older adults.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Views/Downloads
  • Abstract
    72
  • PDF
    48

References

1. Burhanullah, M. H., Tschanz, J. A. T., Peters, M. E., Leoutsakos, J. M., Matyi, J., Lyketsos, C. G., Nowrangi, M. A., & Rosenberg, P. B. (2020). Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Clinically Normal Older Adults: The Cache County Study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2019.03.023

2. de Oliveira, L. D. S. S. C. B., Souza, E. C., Rodrigues, R. A. S., Fett, C. A., & Piva, A. B. (2019). The effects of physical activity on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in elderly people living in the community. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 41(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0129

3. Dinas Kesehatan Sleman. (2020). Profil kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman 2020. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman. https://dinkes.slemankab.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Profil-Kesehatan-Sleman-2020.pdf

4. Jiménez-Palomares, M., Garrido-Ardila, E. M., Chávez-Bravo, E., Torres-Piles, S. T., González-Sánchez, B., Rodríguez-Mansilla, M. J., De Toro-García, Á., & Rodríguez-Mansilla, J. (2024). Benefits of Music Therapy in the Cognitive Impairments of Alzheimer’s-Type Dementia: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(7), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072042

5. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2021/12/21/c3fd9f27372f6ddcf7462006/statistik-penduduk-lanjut-usia-2021.html

6. Kolegium Neurologi Indonesia, P. (2023). Pemeriksaan klinis neurologis praktis: Khusus (P. S. Riwanti Estiasari & D. Tunjungsari, Eds.; 1st ed.). Penerbit Kedokteran Indonesia.

7. Liu, Q., Liu, L., Liu, Z., Xu, Y., Wang, F., Cheng, H., & Hu, X. (2024). Reminiscent music therapy combined with robot-assisted rehabilitation for elderly stroke patients: a pilot study. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-024-01315-y

8. Raglio, A., Figini, C., Bencivenni, A., Grossi, F., Boschetti, F., & Manera, M. R. (2024). Cognitive Stimulation with Music in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review. Brain Sciences, 14(8), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14080842

9. Shiddieqy, A. A., Zulfitri, R., & Elita, V. (2022). Analisis Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lansia Suku Melayu. Jkep, 7(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.32668/jkep.v7i1.775

10. Song, D., & Yu, D. S. F. (2019). Effects of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme on the cognitive function and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 93, 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.019

11. Sutin, U., Kumsi, S., Sukprasan, T., Prasert, V., Hathoung, D., Sripinyo, P., & Yamchuen, P. (2024). Effects of the Health Promotion Model Development Program on the Quality of Life of the Elderly using Local Wisdom and Ways of Life. The Bangkok Medical Journal, 20(01), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.31524/bkkmedj.2024.11.001

12. Takeda, M., Inoue, M., Kono, R., Shiraiwa, K., Matsuo, K., Nakagoshi, Y., Masuzawa, T., Ueda, Y., & Sakai, K. (2024). Health benefits of laughter and humor - Does simulated laughter have health benefits ? Cognition & Rehabilitation, 5, 96-110.

13. Tinôco, M. A., Nascimento, M. de M., Marques, A., Gouveia, É. R., Miguel, S., Santos, F., & Ihle, A. (2023). The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Cognitive Functions in Older People: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 15(23), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316314.

14. Tz-Han, L., Wan-Ru, W., I-Hui, C., & Hui-Chuan, H. (2023). Reminiscence music intervention on cognitive, depressive, and behavioral symptoms in older adults with dementia. Geriatric Nursing, 49, 127–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.11.014

15. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2018). Physical activity guidelines for Americans (2nd ed.). https://odphp.health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/Physical_Activity_Guidelines_2nd_edition.pdf

16. Wardhani, Y. F., Nantabah, Z. K., Machfutra, E. D., Lestyoningrum, S. D., Oktarina, & Nurjana, M. A. (2024). The prevalence and distribution of risk factors for depression and emotional mental disorders in the elderly in Indonesia. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 70(4), 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640241227381

17. World Health Organization. (2019). Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550543

18. World Health Organization. (2024). Integrated care for older people: Practical issues in geriatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96529-1_19

19. Yamasaki, T. (2023). Preventive Strategies for Cognitive Decline and Dementia: Benefits of Aerobic Physical Activity, Especially Open-Skill Exercise. Brain Sciences, 13(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13030521

Published
31-12-2025
How to Cite
Sudibjo, P., Waluyo, S. D., Wara Kushartanti, B. M., Sutarni, S., & Padli. (2025). Effectiveness of culture-based game exercises on cognitive function in older adults participating in gymnastics. SPORT TK-EuroAmerican Journal of Sport Sciences, 14, 167. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.652521
Issue
Vol. 14 (2025)
Section
Articles

 The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:

 1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.

 © Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013

 2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.

3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community. 

The works and papers that are published in this Journal are subject to the following terms:

1. The Publication Service of the University of Murcia (the publisher) has the Publication Rights (Copyright) to the published papers and works, and favors and permits the reusing of the same under the license indicated in point 2.

© Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, 2013

2. The papers and works are to be published in the digital edition of the Journal under the license Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Obra Derivada 3.0 España (legal text). The copying, using, spreading, transmitting and publicly displaying of the papers, works or publication are permitted as long as: i) the authors and original sources (Journal, publisher and URL of the publication) are quoted; ii) it is not used for commercial benefit; iii) the existence and specifications of this users license are mentioned.

3. Conditions of Self-Archiving. It is permitted and encouraged that the authors spread electronically the pre-print (before printing) and/or post-print (the revised, evaluated and accepted) versions of their papers or works before their publication since this favors their circulation and early diffusion and therefore can help increase their citation and quotation, and also there reach through the academic community.