Efectividad de la suplementación nutricional con polifenoles sobre el daño muscular y marcadores de estrés oxidativo en diferentes tipos de ejercicios físicos: Una revisión de la literatura.
Resumen
Durante la realización de ejercicio, existe un desbalance redox que aumenta las especies reactivas de oxígeno generando un estrés oxidativo que favorece el daño muscular incidiendo en el rendimiento físico y deportivo. Diferentes suplementos antioxidantes han sido utilizados para optimizar la recuperación muscular posterior a la realización de ejercicio físico. Sin embargo, los efectos de diversos antioxidantes han sido contraproducentes, ya que las especies reactivas de oxígeno generadas por el ejercicio son necesarias para la adaptación muscular y la disminución de éstas, impide la correcta señalización intracelular y con esto, la adaptación del músculo esquelético frente al ejercicio físico. Los polifenoles son un tipo de antioxidantes que están presentes en diversos frutos y extractos de hierbas que poseen diversas características dependiendo de su estructura y composición, presentando algunos una ruta de señalización celular similar al ejercicio físico, generando diferentes estímulos a nivel del músculo esquelético, pudiendo reducir el daño oxidativo generado por el ejercicio e incluso, pudiendo potenciar sus efectos. El objetivo de la presente revisión a la literatura es determinar y describir el efecto de diversos polifenoles en el daño muscular y marcadores de estrés oxidativo posterior a diferentes modalidades de ejercicio físico y deportes en adultos.
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